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AGRI 32 > Lecture 3: LAND PREPARATION > Flashcards

Lecture 3: LAND PREPARATION Flashcards

1
Q

includes all steps necessary to make the soil ready for planting

A

land preparation

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2
Q

extent of land preparation do not depend on existing vegetation and specific crop requirements

TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE: do not depend—->depends

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3
Q

benefits from land preparation

A
  • Provides excellent condition for crop growth;
  • Control weeds;
  • Reduce harmful microorganisms in the soil;
  • Incorporate organic matter
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4
Q

primary activities involved in land preparation

A
  • Plowing
  • Harrowing
  • Furrowing
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5
Q

methods of land preparation based on growing conditions:

A

A. lowland
B. upland
C. hilly

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6
Q

FOR LOWLAND CROPS, tillage is done usually when soil is NOT saturated with water

TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE: not saturated—-> full saturated

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7
Q

LOWLAND CROPS

land preparation involves _______ the soil; initially by _______, followed by several _______

A

puddling, plowing, harrowings

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8
Q

FORMS OF LOWLAND PREPARATION

A

(1) land prep for lowland
(2) initial plowing/harrowing are performed before flooding while subsequent puddling operation is done under flooded condition; and
(3) and is prepared and seed sown under dry condition and then the field is flooded.

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9
Q

FINALS STEPS IN LOWLAND PREPARATION

A

levelling and marking

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10
Q

FINALS STEPS IN LOWLAND PREPARATION

implements include _______ plow, comb-tooth harrow (“____”) and wooden leveler pulled by draft animal (______) or by tractors

A

moldboards, “suyod,” carabao

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11
Q

LOWLAND PREPARATION

usually used to facilitate transplanting of rice seedling

A

MARKER

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12
Q

Characteristics of an Ideal Paddy Soil

A

-small particle size/aggregates
-low hydraulic conductivity
-high bulk density
-neutral pH
-level and free from weeds

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13
Q

Requirements for Lowland Cultivation

soaking time

A

1-3 months depends on rainfall

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14
Q

Requirements for Lowland Cultivation

water

A

200-700mm of water for puddling alone

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15
Q

Requirements for Lowland Cultivation

labor

A

20md/ha with 1 draft animal

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16
Q

FOR UPLAND CROPS, tillage is done when soil moisture is near field capacity

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

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17
Q

with excessive soil moisture, tillage will result to soil looseness and will improve soil structure

TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE: compaction and destroy soil structure

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18
Q

soil condition at which excess water had been fully drained

A

FIELD CAPACITY

19
Q

Indicators that the Soil is at Field Capacity

A

-can form a ball without water
-friable soil
-soil slide freely from the plow
-freshly cut surface

20
Q

LAND PREP FOR UPLAND CROPS INCLUDES 3 activities

A

plowing, harrowing, and rotavation

21
Q

plowing, harrowing, and rotavation is done in upland prep to:

A

*incorporate crop stubbles and weeds into the soil
*develop a desirable soil structure
❖For easy seed germination and root
development
❖improve soil aeration
❖improve infiltration of water and internal
drainage

22
Q

in gently sloping field, tillage is done across the slope and following the contour lines

what type of tillage is this

A

contour plowing

23
Q

UPLAND PREPARATION implements:

moldboard plow, ______ tooth harrow (“kalmot”) and furrower (_______)

A

spike, lithao

24
Q

UPLAND PREPARATION tractor-drawn implements:

A

moldboard plow, disc plow, disc harrow and rotavator and furrower

25
Q

shallow canals of specified distances where seeds or seedlings are to be planted

A

FURROWS

26
Q

raised beds formed between the furrows

A

RIDGES

27
Q

well prepared upland soil should be:

A
  • granular and friable
  • stubbles and weeds thoroughly incorporated with the soil
  • reasonably level (without depressions where water may accumulate)
28
Q

Land preparation when it is TOO WET result in:

A
  • Increases power requirement;
  • Reduces work output;
  • Increases time for land preparation;
  • Increases soil compaction; and
  • Destroys soil structure
29
Q

Land preparation when it is TOO DRY result in:

A
  • Increases power requirement;
  • Increases water requirement;
  • Increases likelihood of implement breakdown;
  • Destroys soil structure
30
Q

FORMS OF UPLAND PREPARATION

A
  1. conventional method
  2. minimum tillage
  3. no tillage
31
Q

FORMS OF UPLAND PREPARATION

consist of plowing followed by harrowing then furrowing; allow an interval of 2-7 days between plowing and harrowing; no. of times of plowing and harrowing depends on the weed population, soil condition, crop type

A

conventional method

32
Q

FORMS OF UPLAND PREPARATION

combines several operation into one pass e.g. plow-plant method, rotavation

A

minimum tillage

33
Q

FORMS OF UPLAND PREPARATION

no plowing/harrowing operation

A

no tillage

34
Q

FOR HILLY LAND primary concern is to minimize erosion

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

35
Q

FOR HILLY LANDS, conventional method of tillage is recommended

TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE: conventional method—> minimum/no tillage

36
Q

contour planting should be practiced in what type of land prep?

A

hilly lands

37
Q

for perennial crops (e.g. trees), land prep depends on the conditions of land:

A
  • Second growth forest
  • Open grassland
  • Land previously planted to crops
  • Land presently planted to perennial crops
38
Q

UPLAND PREPARATION strictly involves plowing and harrowing

TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE: strictly involves—->may or may not involve

39
Q

process of following recommended planting distance & systems of planting

A

laying out

40
Q

systems (pattern) of planting

A

laying out

41
Q

planting distance depends on crop species/varieties and growing conditions

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

42
Q

IN LAND PREP

holes should be ______ and _______ to give space for addition of compost at the bottom and sides

A

big and deep

43
Q

during digging, topsoil should be added to the sub-soil

TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE: added to—-> separated from

AGRI 32 (14 decks)

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