Lecture 3: LAND PREPARATION Flashcards
includes all steps necessary to make the soil ready for planting
land preparation
extent of land preparation do not depend on existing vegetation and specific crop requirements
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE: do not depend—->depends
benefits from land preparation
- Provides excellent condition for crop growth;
- Control weeds;
- Reduce harmful microorganisms in the soil;
- Incorporate organic matter
primary activities involved in land preparation
- Plowing
- Harrowing
- Furrowing
methods of land preparation based on growing conditions:
A. lowland
B. upland
C. hilly
FOR LOWLAND CROPS, tillage is done usually when soil is NOT saturated with water
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE: not saturated—-> full saturated
LOWLAND CROPS
land preparation involves _______ the soil; initially by _______, followed by several _______
puddling, plowing, harrowings
FORMS OF LOWLAND PREPARATION
(1) land prep for lowland
(2) initial plowing/harrowing are performed before flooding while subsequent puddling operation is done under flooded condition; and
(3) and is prepared and seed sown under dry condition and then the field is flooded.
FINALS STEPS IN LOWLAND PREPARATION
levelling and marking
FINALS STEPS IN LOWLAND PREPARATION
implements include _______ plow, comb-tooth harrow (“____”) and wooden leveler pulled by draft animal (______) or by tractors
moldboards, “suyod,” carabao
LOWLAND PREPARATION
usually used to facilitate transplanting of rice seedling
MARKER
Characteristics of an Ideal Paddy Soil
-small particle size/aggregates
-low hydraulic conductivity
-high bulk density
-neutral pH
-level and free from weeds
Requirements for Lowland Cultivation
soaking time
1-3 months depends on rainfall
Requirements for Lowland Cultivation
water
200-700mm of water for puddling alone
Requirements for Lowland Cultivation
labor
20md/ha with 1 draft animal
FOR UPLAND CROPS, tillage is done when soil moisture is near field capacity
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
with excessive soil moisture, tillage will result to soil looseness and will improve soil structure
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE: compaction and destroy soil structure
soil condition at which excess water had been fully drained
FIELD CAPACITY
Indicators that the Soil is at Field Capacity
-can form a ball without water
-friable soil
-soil slide freely from the plow
-freshly cut surface
LAND PREP FOR UPLAND CROPS INCLUDES 3 activities
plowing, harrowing, and rotavation
plowing, harrowing, and rotavation is done in upland prep to:
*incorporate crop stubbles and weeds into the soil
*develop a desirable soil structure
❖For easy seed germination and root
development
❖improve soil aeration
❖improve infiltration of water and internal
drainage
in gently sloping field, tillage is done across the slope and following the contour lines
what type of tillage is this
contour plowing
UPLAND PREPARATION implements:
moldboard plow, ______ tooth harrow (“kalmot”) and furrower (_______)
spike, lithao
UPLAND PREPARATION tractor-drawn implements:
moldboard plow, disc plow, disc harrow and rotavator and furrower
shallow canals of specified distances where seeds or seedlings are to be planted
FURROWS
raised beds formed between the furrows
RIDGES
well prepared upland soil should be:
- granular and friable
- stubbles and weeds thoroughly incorporated with the soil
- reasonably level (without depressions where water may accumulate)
Land preparation when it is TOO WET result in:
- Increases power requirement;
- Reduces work output;
- Increases time for land preparation;
- Increases soil compaction; and
- Destroys soil structure
Land preparation when it is TOO DRY result in:
- Increases power requirement;
- Increases water requirement;
- Increases likelihood of implement breakdown;
- Destroys soil structure
FORMS OF UPLAND PREPARATION
- conventional method
- minimum tillage
- no tillage
FORMS OF UPLAND PREPARATION
consist of plowing followed by harrowing then furrowing; allow an interval of 2-7 days between plowing and harrowing; no. of times of plowing and harrowing depends on the weed population, soil condition, crop type
conventional method
FORMS OF UPLAND PREPARATION
combines several operation into one pass e.g. plow-plant method, rotavation
minimum tillage
FORMS OF UPLAND PREPARATION
no plowing/harrowing operation
no tillage
FOR HILLY LAND primary concern is to minimize erosion
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
FOR HILLY LANDS, conventional method of tillage is recommended
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE: conventional method—> minimum/no tillage
contour planting should be practiced in what type of land prep?
hilly lands
for perennial crops (e.g. trees), land prep depends on the conditions of land:
- Second growth forest
- Open grassland
- Land previously planted to crops
- Land presently planted to perennial crops
UPLAND PREPARATION strictly involves plowing and harrowing
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE: strictly involves—->may or may not involve
process of following recommended planting distance & systems of planting
laying out
systems (pattern) of planting
laying out
planting distance depends on crop species/varieties and growing conditions
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
IN LAND PREP
holes should be ______ and _______ to give space for addition of compost at the bottom and sides
big and deep
during digging, topsoil should be added to the sub-soil
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE: added to—-> separated from
