Lecture 3: LAND PREPARATION

Question 1

includes all steps necessary to make the soil ready for planting

Answer 1

land preparation

Question 2

extent of land preparation do not depend on existing vegetation and specific crop requirements

TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 2

FALSE: do not depend—->depends

Question 3

benefits from land preparation

Answer 3

• Provides excellent condition for crop growth;
• Control weeds;
• Reduce harmful microorganisms in the soil;
• Incorporate organic matter

Question 4

primary activities involved in land preparation

Answer 4

• Plowing
• Harrowing
• Furrowing

Question 5

methods of land preparation based on growing conditions:

Answer 5

A. lowland
B. upland
C. hilly

Question 6

FOR LOWLAND CROPS, tillage is done usually when soil is NOT saturated with water

TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 6

FALSE: not saturated—-> full saturated

Question 7

LOWLAND CROPS

land preparation involves _______ the soil; initially by _______, followed by several _______

Answer 7

puddling, plowing, harrowings

Question 8

FORMS OF LOWLAND PREPARATION

Answer 8

(1) land prep for lowland
(2) initial plowing/harrowing are performed before flooding while subsequent puddling operation is done under flooded condition; and
(3) and is prepared and seed sown under dry condition and then the field is flooded.

Question 9

FINALS STEPS IN LOWLAND PREPARATION

Answer 9

levelling and marking

Question 10

FINALS STEPS IN LOWLAND PREPARATION

implements include _______ plow, comb-tooth harrow (“____”) and wooden leveler pulled by draft animal (______) or by tractors

Answer 10

moldboards, “suyod,” carabao

Question 11

LOWLAND PREPARATION

usually used to facilitate transplanting of rice seedling

Answer 11

MARKER

Question 12

Characteristics of an Ideal Paddy Soil

Answer 12

-small particle size/aggregates
-low hydraulic conductivity
-high bulk density
-neutral pH
-level and free from weeds

Question 13

Requirements for Lowland Cultivation

soaking time

Answer 13

1-3 months depends on rainfall

Question 14

Requirements for Lowland Cultivation

water

Answer 14

200-700mm of water for puddling alone

Question 15

Requirements for Lowland Cultivation

labor

Answer 15

20md/ha with 1 draft animal

Question 16

FOR UPLAND CROPS, tillage is done when soil moisture is near field capacity

TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

with excessive soil moisture, tillage will result to soil looseness and will improve soil structure

TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 17

FALSE: compaction and destroy soil structure

Question 18

soil condition at which excess water had been fully drained

Answer 18

FIELD CAPACITY

Question 19

Indicators that the Soil is at Field Capacity

Answer 19

-can form a ball without water
-friable soil
-soil slide freely from the plow
-freshly cut surface

Question 20

LAND PREP FOR UPLAND CROPS INCLUDES 3 activities

Answer 20

plowing, harrowing, and rotavation

Question 21

plowing, harrowing, and rotavation is done in upland prep to:

Answer 21

*incorporate crop stubbles and weeds into the soil
*develop a desirable soil structure
❖For easy seed germination and root
development
❖improve soil aeration
❖improve infiltration of water and internal
drainage

Question 22

in gently sloping field, tillage is done across the slope and following the contour lines

what type of tillage is this

Answer 22

contour plowing

Question 23

UPLAND PREPARATION implements:

moldboard plow, ______ tooth harrow (“kalmot”) and furrower (_______)

Answer 23

spike, lithao

Question 24

UPLAND PREPARATION tractor-drawn implements:

Answer 24

moldboard plow, disc plow, disc harrow and rotavator and furrower

Question 25

shallow canals of specified distances where seeds or seedlings are to be planted

Answer 25

FURROWS

Question 26

raised beds formed between the furrows

Answer 26

RIDGES

Question 27

well prepared upland soil should be:

Answer 27

* granular and friable * stubbles and weeds thoroughly incorporated with the soil * reasonably level (without depressions where water may accumulate)

Question 28

Land preparation when it is TOO WET result in:

Answer 28

* Increases power requirement; * Reduces work output; * Increases time for land preparation; * Increases soil compaction; and * Destroys soil structure

Question 29

Land preparation when it is TOO DRY result in:

Answer 29

* Increases power requirement; * Increases water requirement; * Increases likelihood of implement breakdown; * Destroys soil structure

Question 30

FORMS OF UPLAND PREPARATION

Answer 30

1. conventional method 2. minimum tillage 3. no tillage

Question 31

FORMS OF UPLAND PREPARATION consist of plowing followed by harrowing then furrowing; allow an interval of 2-7 days between plowing and harrowing; no. of times of plowing and harrowing depends on the weed population, soil condition, crop type

Answer 31

conventional method

Question 32

FORMS OF UPLAND PREPARATION combines several operation into one pass e.g. plow-plant method, rotavation

Answer 32

minimum tillage

Question 33

FORMS OF UPLAND PREPARATION no plowing/harrowing operation

Answer 33

no tillage

Question 34

FOR HILLY LAND primary concern is to minimize erosion TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 34

TRUE

Question 35

FOR HILLY LANDS, conventional method of tillage is recommended TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 35

FALSE: conventional method---> minimum/no tillage

Question 36

contour planting should be practiced in what type of land prep?

Answer 36

hilly lands

Question 37

for perennial crops (e.g. trees), land prep depends on the conditions of land:

Answer 37

* Second growth forest * Open grassland * Land previously planted to crops * Land presently planted to perennial crops

Question 38

UPLAND PREPARATION strictly involves plowing and harrowing TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 38

FALSE: strictly involves---->may or may not involve

Question 39

process of following recommended planting distance & systems of planting

Answer 39

laying out

Question 40

systems (pattern) of planting

Answer 40

laying out

Question 41

planting distance depends on crop species/varieties and growing conditions TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 41

TRUE

Question 42

IN LAND PREP holes should be ______ and _______ to give space for addition of compost at the bottom and sides

Answer 42

big and deep

Question 43

during digging, topsoil should be added to the sub-soil TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 43

FALSE: added to----> separated from