Lecture 2: EVALUATING AND SELECTING THE ENVIRONMENT FOR CROP PRODUCTION Flashcards
Approach in Assessment
- quanti - numeric indicators (ph, elevation and slope)
- quali - characteristics that assesses the site’s suitability
TECHNIQUES IN EVALUATION
-use of geographic info system (GIS)
-remote sensing with GIS
TECHNIQUES IN EVALUATION
use for physical parameters such as climate, soil characteristics
geographic info system (GIS)
TECHNIQUES IN EVALUATION
efficient and reliable method of mapping agricultural land suitability in the regional and local level
remote sensing with GIS
the nearer is the condition for growth to the ideal environment, the lower is the chance for a successful and profitable crop production
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE: lower—>higher
APPROACHES IN STARTING A CROP PRODUCTION ENTERPRISE
APPROACH No. 1 : Identify the crop to plant first, then find the suitable area for growing
APPROACH No. 2 : Area/site for growing is known, then choose the suitable crop/s to grow.
APPROACHES IN STARTING A CROP PRODUCTION ENTERPRISE
APPROACH No. 1
🡆 Crop feasibility study (market, crop reqs, cost, profitability)
🡆 Determination of possible location/site (climate, land, socio-cultural, infrastrac)
🡆 Testing
🡆 Full scale production
APPROACHES IN STARTING A CROP PRODUCTION ENTERPRISE
APPROACH No. 2
🡆In-depth characterization of the site/area (phys, bio, socio-eco, poli factors)
🡆 Identify the crops option (suitability, profitability, stability and acceptability)
🡆 Testing
🡆 Full scale production
STEPS IN CROP PRODUCTION
🡆 Site selection and evaluation
🡆 Land preparation
🡆 Crop establishment
🡆 Care and maintenance
🡆 Harvesting and postharvest handling
Evaluating and Selecting
the Environment for Crop
Production
- good location
a. access to adeq infrastrac
b. favorable socio-economic conditions - suitable site
ENVIRONMENT FOR CROP PRODUCTION
refers to factors that directly affect growth
and productivity of the crops
SITE
important functions of soil
- provides anchorage to the plant
- serves as medium/ reservoir for air, water, nutrients, and beneficial organisms
soil characteristics/properties that
affect crop production
- soil depth
- soil texture
- soil structure
- nutrient content
- soil ph
the most fertile layer of the soil profile
topsoil
loss of the top soil means no significant reduction in the agricultural value of the land
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE: no significant—> significant
determined by digging a pit and measure the thickness of the topsoil (from soil surface down to bedrock)
SOIL DEPTH
for perennial crops, soil should be as deep as possible (at least _____ cm) so that roots can penetrate deep
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE, 80cm
shallow soil is essential in typhoon-prone area where roots must be anchored deeply to avoid blow-down of trees
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE: shallow—>deep
refers to the relative proportion of soil
particles (sand, silt and clay)
soil texture
affects soil characteristics – water holding capacity, cation exchange capacity, drainage
soil texture
refers to the arrangement or clustering of soil particles into characteristic aggregates
soil structure
determined by kind & amount of cementing materials e.g. OM, fine clay particles
soil structure
determined by soil management e.g. proper
tillage, mulching, addition of organic materials
soil structure
a desirable soil structure should be platy
and compact; for easy root proliferation
TRUE OR FALSE
FLASE: platy and compact—> granular and porous
to develop and maintain a desirable soil structure, low organic matter should be maintained and tillage must be done at the right time
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE: low OM—> high OM
macronutrients and micronutrients must always
be available at optimum and balance amount
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
nutrient deficiencies or toxicities
occur that could lead to _______ in yield and
quality
reduction or increase?
reduction
measure of degree of alkalinity or acidity
pH
affects availability/solubility of nutrients and activity of microorganisms
soil pH
Ideal Soils for Crop Production
A. For upland crops
-deep, moderate texture and pH, well-drained
B. For lowland crops (e.g. rice)
-excellent water-holding capacity, moderate pH, fine-texture (preferably clay soil)
refers to the average condition of the atmosphere in a given area
climate
ultimate determinant of what crop species to grow
climate
influences all plant physiological and biochemical processes such as photosynthesis, respiration transpiration,
flowering, fruit maturation
climate
COMPONENTS OF CLIMATE
- temp
- light (2 aspects sa baba)
a. intensity
b. duration - rainfall
- typhoons
COMPONENTS OF CLIMATE
determines the distribution of the crop species in the world
temperature
-Temperate crops: apple, pear, wheat
-____________crops: mango, banana, coconut
tropical crops
in the Philippines, the average variation in temperature is very small:
25.6 *C (Jan) to 28.2 *C (May)
COMPONENTS OF CLIMATE
controls practically all aspects of plant growth and development; from seed germination to fruit development
light
COMPONENTS OF CLIMATE
essential in photosynthesis
light
2 aspects of light
a. light intensity
b. light duration/daylength or photoperiod
ASPECTS OF LIGHT
varies with season
light intensity
ASPECTS OF LIGHT
slopes facing either east or west receive less sunlight
light intensity
ASPECTS OF LIGHT
controls flowering in some plants
light duration/daylength or photoperiod
In the Philippines, light duration is significantly
shorter during 3 months
Nov-Jan
ASPECTS OF LIGHT
controls bulb and tuber formation in certain crops
light duration/daylength or photoperiod
COMPONENTS OF CLIMATE
primary source of water for crop production
rainfall
COMPONENTS OF CLIMATE
most agricultural areas in the country are fully dependent on it
rainfall
rainfall distribution is a critical factor in crop production
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
rainfall is used as basis in classifying _____ in the Philippines
climate
TYPES OF CLIMATE
TYPE I - IV
TYPES OF CLIMATE
2 pronounced seasons; dry & wet
TYPE I
TYPES OF CLIMATE
no distinct dry period
TYPE II
TYPES OF CLIMATE
no pronounced maximum rainy
period
TYPE III
TYPES OF CLIMATE
rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year
TYPE IV
COMPONENTS OF CLIMATE
extremely destructive to crops
typhoons
COMPONENTS OF CLIMATE
beneficial since 47% of rainfall is associated with it
typhoons
there is an average of _____ typhoons annually; mostly passing _____ and _______
21; Visayas and Luzon
