Lecture 7: WATER MANAGEMENT

Question 1

an integrated process of timely application of the needed amount of water and the removal of excess water from the field to ensure optimum growth and crop productivity

Answer 1

WATER MANAGEMENT

Question 2

LACK OF WATER CAUSES

Answer 2

1. poor crop stand
2. reduction in yield
3. predisposes the plants to pests/diseases and nutri deficiency

Question 3

EXCESS WATER CAUSES

Answer 3

1. too much leaching, high acidity
2. water-logged condition —> reduced root development
3. predisposes plant to root-rotting pathogens

Question 4

an effective and efficient irrigation program that addresses the following

Answer 4

1. Appropriate timing and frequency of irrigation
2. Adequate volume of water to apply
3. Efficient method of application

Question 5

FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN DEVELOPING A SUITABLE IRRIGATION PROGRAM

Answer 5

1. soil
2. climatic
3. plant

Question 6

FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN DEVELOPING A SUITABLE IRRIGATION PROGRAM

affects water holding capacity and water percolation

Answer 6

soil factors

Question 7

FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN DEVELOPING A SUITABLE IRRIGATION PROGRAM

affects the rate of water losses through evap and transpi

includes temp, sunshine, humidity, wind movement

Answer 7

climatic factors

Question 8

FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN DEVELOPING A SUITABLE IRRIGATION PROGRAM

includes rooting charac, rought tolerance, and growth stages

Answer 8

plant factors

Question 9

methods of determining irrigation SCHEDULES:

Answer 9

1. estimating avail soil moisture
2. measure evapotranspi rates
3. observe visual plant symptoms
4. feel of the soil
5. sand-cum-miniplot technique

Question 10

methods of determining irrigation SCHEDULES:

• involves oven drying a sample of soil and compute soil moisture content

Answer 10

gravimetry

Question 11

methods of determining irrigation SCHEDULES:

to measure the water potential which is inversely related to amount of available water

Answer 11

tensiometer

Question 12

(methods of determining irrigation schedules)

visual symptoms u can observe

Answer 12

temporary wilting/leaf rolling

Question 13

(methods of determining irrigation schedules)

visual symptoms u can observe

Answer 13

color of the foliage

Question 14

METHODS OF IRRIGATION

Answer 14

1. surface irrigation systems
   a. furrow method
   b. flooding method
   c. basin method
2. sprinkler irrigation
3. drip system

Question 15

METHODS OF IRRIGATION

applied water seeps into side and bottom of
furrows to attain desired wetting

Answer 15

furrow method, under surface irrigation

Question 16

METHODS OF IRRIGATION

water is applied by flooding the entire field

Answer 16

flooding method, under surface irrigation

Question 17

METHODS OF IRRIGATION

trees are irrigated individually

Answer 17

basin method, under surface irrigation

Question 18

METHODS OF IRRIGATION

highly pressurized water is delivered through network of pipes and comes out as fine droplets

Answer 18

sprinkler irrigation

Question 19

METHODS OF IRRIGATION

water is applied through network of pipes and
comes out in the form of drips.

Answer 19

drip system

Question 20

METHODS OF IRRIGATION

water is applied directly to the root zone in small
amount and continuously until desired wetting of
soil is attained

Answer 20

drip system

Question 21

METHODS OF IRRIGATION

water is applied below the soil surface (through the underground system) and reaches plant root zone by capillary movement

Answer 21

sub-surface irrigation systems

Question 22

SOURCES OF IRRIGATION

Answer 22

1. river, stream, and lake
   a. pumping
   b. dam
2. small farm reservoir or water-impounding system (WIS)
3. ground water
   a. open well
   b. tube well

Question 23

SOURCES OF IRRIGATION

structure to collect rain and run-off water

Answer 23

water-impounding system (WIS)