Lecture 9 - Innate Immunity & Antigen Presentation

Question 1

Phases of phagocytosis?

Answer 1

adherence, membrane activation, phagosome formation, fusion and digestion, release of degraded products

Question 2

PAMPs?

Answer 2

pathogen associated molecular patterns - low affinity

Question 3

3 promotions of phagocytosis?

Answer 3

PAMPs, receptors for C3b complement, receptors for Fc region of antibodies

Question 4

PAMPs - common cell wall structures?

Answer 4

lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycans

Question 5

PAMPS - bacterial metabolite products?

Answer 5

N-formyl-methionine-peptides

Question 6

PAMPS - other?

Answer 6

heat shocked proteins from stressed cells

Question 7

Dendritic cells?

Answer 7

cells all over body wih pattern recognition receptors that PAMPs bind to to produce danger signal

Question 8

Acute phase proteins?

Answer 8

activated by tissue injury alarm systems, produced primarily by liver, act to promote resolution and repair of inflammatory lesions, limit tissue injury and enhance host resistance

Question 9

Complement components after identifying antigen?

Answer 9

chemotaxis, opsonisation and increased vascular permeability

Question 10

Lymphocyte circulation?

Answer 10

only 10% are circulating, rest are stored in secondary lymphoid organs: lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, adenoids, Peyer’s patches

Question 11

Lymphocyte subpopulations - effectors?

Answer 11

antibody production (B cells), antigen specific cytotoxicity (CD8 T cells), natural killer activity (NK cells) and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (K lymphocytes)

Question 12

Lymphocyte subpopulations - regulators?

Answer 12

cytokine production (CD4 T lymphocyte) - TH1 (virus, bacteria, intracellular agents), TH2 (parasites, allergies, multi-cellular), Treg (down-regulates TH1 and 2) and TH17 (mucosa and inflammation)

Question 13

Antigen transport?

Answer 13

antigen in Langerhan cells is transformed and transported by antigen-presenting cells to nearest lymph node for presentation and antigen-specific cell recruitment

Question 14

Antigen Presenting Cell functions?

Answer 14

collection and transport, concentration, processing and presentation of antigens to lymphocytes, co-stimulation and tolerance induction

Question 15

Co-stimulation of APCs?

Answer 15

surface molecules and/or pro-inflammatory cytokines

Question 16

Exogenous pathway of presentation?

Answer 16

phagocytosis, processing, presentation on Class II MHC (HLA-DP, DQ or DR) - only by specialised APCs

Question 17

Endogenous pathway of presentation?

Answer 17

virus infection, processing, presentation on Class I MHC (HLA-A, B, or C)