Lecture 33 - Ass Injected Death Sentence

Question 1

Defining illnesses?

Answer 1

pneumonia, brain abscess, meningitis, lymphoma, oesophagitis, Kaposi’s sarcoma, TB (due to helper lymphocyte destruction)

Question 2

AIDS diagnoses of fungal infections w regard to CD4 count?

Answer 2

oral candidiasis > oesophageal candidiasis > cryptococcal meningitis

Question 3

Yeasts?

Answer 3

round, reproduce by budding e.g. candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans

Question 4

Moulds?

Answer 4

tubular, reproduce by spores e.g. dermatophytes and aspergillus species

Question 5

Candida albicans?

Answer 5

mouth, gut and vagina, overgrowth related to antibacterials , immune suppression, hormonal effects; causes include thrush, catheter related urinary infection and candidiasis

Question 6

Diagnosis of Candida Albicans?

Answer 6

black yeasts on gram stain, grows well on blood agar

Question 7

Treatment of candiasis?

Answer 7

pastilles, azole cream (all topical or oral)

Question 8

Cryptococcus neoformans?

Answer 8

rare, inhaled from environment, travels from blood to CSF in immune deficient people only -> chronic lymphocytic meningitis

Question 9

Diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis?

Answer 9

10-100 WBC in CSF, protein raised, glucose low, brown colonies on on agar, Indian ink stains encapsulated yeast, +ve cryptococcal antigen in CSF and serum

Question 10

Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis?

Answer 10

amphotericin B, fluconazole

Question 11

Dermatophytes?

Answer 11

never invasive, human/animal host, e.g. ringworm, athletes foot

Question 12

Treatment of dermatophytes?

Answer 12

topical azole (skin) or terbinafine (nails)

Question 13

Infection associated with dandruff?

Answer 13

seborrhoeic dermatitis

Question 14

Rare mould affecting neutropenic patients?

Answer 14

aspergillus fumigatus - respiratory disease, treated w amphotericin B