Lecture 38 - Fever Rash and Immunity

Question 1

Types of inactivated vaccines?

Answer 1

whole (MMR), protein/toxoid/subvirion based (Tetanus), polysaccharide based (pneumococcal), recombinant (HepB), conjugate (polysaccharide linked to a protein e.g. pneumococcal conjugate)

Question 2

UTD?

Answer 2

up to date: schedule and age @ needle receive, location of birth, been or cared by someone from overseas, is there an outbreak atm

Question 3

Mealses?

Answer 3

highly infectious, early fever, conjunctivitis and Kopliks spots, characteristic rash up to 7 days, complication risk such as secondary infection (air, pneumonia), encephalitis and SSPE; 15 mnth vaccine

Question 4

Bacterial causes of meningitis?

Answer 4

bacterial: s. pneumoniae, n. meningitidis H. influenzae (rare due to vaccination), in newborns also Grp B Strep. or gram negatives (E.coli)

Question 5

Viral and other causes of meningitis?

Answer 5

herpes simplex, enterovirus; TB

Question 6

Polysaccharides and vaccination?

Answer 6

> 2yr poor antibody development against bacteria polysaccharide -> conjugate vaccine

Question 7

Conjugate vaccine?

Answer 7

polysaccharide attached to carrier protein, B cell uptake, complex procesed and presented to helper T cells, converts T-cell independent carbohydrate into T-cell dependent, improved immunogenicity and memory cells in <2yr olds

Question 8

Hib vaccine?

Answer 8

induce antibody to PRP capsule, conjugation to immunogenic protein improves antibody formation (even in infants), reduces or removes nasopharyngeal colonisation & infection capability - 6wk, 3, 5 and 15 mnth

Question 9

Streptococcus pneumoniae disease?

Answer 9

bacteraemia, pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis

Question 10

Streptoccocus pneumonia organism?

Answer 10

gram + coccus, polysaccharide external capsule (escapes phagocytosis)

Question 11

IPD?

Answer 11

invasive pneumococcal disease, presence of s. pneumoniae in typically sterile areas (meningitis, bacteraemia, pneumonia),

Question 12

Polysaccharide vaccine (s. pneumoniae)?

Answer 12

capsular polysacc. of 23 most common strains, used in immunosuppresed and chronic illness, recommended for elderly, useless in children unless conjugated: 6wk 3mnth, 5mnth and 15mnth

Question 13

MenzB vaccine?

Answer 13

Por A and B of outer cell membrane, antibodies produced caused complement and phagocytosis - lessened short term epidemics but no longer in use

Question 14

Debunking myths?

Answer 14

far less antigens being administered now in total than early polio vaccine, presence of autism and IFB is higher in children that are not immune to vaccinated diseases, incredibly lower risk of development into morbid or mortal consequences in controlled vaccinaton