Lecture 9 - Extreme events

Question 1

Xeric systems are normally … because they are ..

Answer 1

stressed, dry

Question 2

Mesic systems are usually rarely ..

Answer 2

stressed

Question 3

Hydric systems are normally .. because they are very ..

Answer 3

stressed, wet

Question 4

trends include .., mean .. and .., .. deposition

Answer 4

CO2, temperatures, precipitation, N

-chronic ‘constant’ changes

Question 5

extreme events include .. .., .., .. and ..

Answer 5

drought, heavy rainfall, heat waves, storms

N deposition too?

Question 6

extreme events become more frequent due to increases in .. conditions, … of conditions and both

Answer 6

mean, variance

Question 7

2003 summer heat wave had .. deaths

return time for this heat used to be … of years, now only .. years

Answer 7

70,000

thousands, hundred

Question 8

north atlantic tropical storms correlate with tropical atlantic .. temperature

Answer 8

surface

-also influenced by N hemisphere temperatuer

Question 9

Phillipines super typhoon in 2013 caused .. deaths and ..-.. billion $ damage

The storm tracked sub-surface water temperatures ..-..C above average

Answer 9

6000
8-15

4-5

Question 10

greatest evidence of extreme events from anthropogenic sources are .., .. and ..

Answer 10

heat waves, droughts, precipitation

Question 11

lethal thresholds are thresholds for ..

surpassing this can reduce … potentially leading to new …

Answer 11

living

inertia, ecosystems

Question 12

an extreme is on the ..th percentile of climate, its ..

abruptness can be calculated with ../..

Answer 12

95, abrupt
magnitutde, duration
-relative to lifespan of organism

Question 13

soil-water bucket concept shows average .. systems are more harshly affected by variance as they’re adapt to .. envrionments

Answer 13

mesic, stable

Question 14

Konza Prairie altered rainfall and timing between rainfall, they shown altering the .. of rainfall was just as significant as reducing the amount by ..%

Answer 14

frequency, 30

Question 15

arctic winters can cause plants to be .. reducing food for ..

Answer 15

encased, herbivores

Question 16

arctic fox populations take a year later to drop as there is an abundance of .. after a rainy winter

Answer 16

carrion

Question 17

arctic populations can recover due to reduced .. competition and reduced ..

Answer 17

food, predation