Lecture 14 - How does life persist in the sea?

Question 1

..% world is ocean

Answer 1

71%

Question 2

..% of s. hemisphere is ocean

Answer 2

81%

Question 3

..% n. hemisphere is ocean

Answer 3

61%

Question 4

heat capacity of water is higher than air , …x by mass and …x by volume

Answer 4

4,

3500

Question 5

water density is … kg.m3

air desnity is …kg.m3

Answer 5

1000

1.2

Question 6

maximum density of water is at ..C

Answer 6

4

-meaning usually liquid water below ice

Question 7

In water .. light is absorbed before … light

Answer 7

red, blue

Question 8

At 20C sound travels .. faster in water

Answer 8

> 4x

Question 9

The speed of sound in water increases with increased .. and increased ..

Answer 9

density, temperature

Question 10

There are .. marine and .. endemic metazoan phyla.

Answer 10

32, 11

Question 11

There are .. freshwater and .. endemic metazoan phyla.

Answer 11

14, 0

Question 12

There are .. terrestrial metazoan phyla, … are endemic.

Answer 12

11, 1

Question 13

marine photoautotrophs capture ..% of the suns energy that hits the sea, x….. tat of humans

Answer 13

3%, 24000

Question 14

seaweeds are ..

Answer 14

macrophytes

• restricted to shallow coastal waters
• benthic photoautotrophs aka attached to seabeds

Question 15

average water depth …m, max …

Answer 15

3794

11,022

Question 16

..% of Earth’s habitable volume is marine

Answer 16

> 99

Question 17

sea water is ..% NaCl

Answer 17

86%

Question 18

salinity measured in .. .. .., similar %

Answer 18

practical salinity units

-E.g. 35psu simmlar to 35% salinity

Question 19

at 35% psu freezing point of water lowers to .., density increases to 1028kg
saliter and colder water …

Answer 19

-.189C, 1028

sinks

Question 20

marine plankton have four major classes .., .., .. ,…

Answer 20

cyanobacteria, haptophytes, dinoflagellates, diatoms

Question 21

10^24 cyanobacteria would stretch to sun and back .. millions times

Answer 21

3m

Question 22

Coriolis effects cause localised .. of nutrient-rich deep waters

Answer 22

upwelling

• tropical water lifted
• cold water sinks
• thermohaline circulation