Lecture 12 - Warming and drought impacts on vegetation

Question 1

the climatic envelope is a limit of .. based on .. of climatic variables

Answer 1

range, tolerance

Question 2

species must .. to stay in a climatic envelope, if .. .. occurs

Answer 2

migrate

climate change

Question 3

For tropical andes

average upslope migration rate is …m per year, however .-.m of movement is needed to keep up with climate change

Answer 3

2.5

5-7

Question 4

climate velocity is the speed needed to move to keep pace with .. ..

global mean is ..km yr

Answer 4

climate change

0. 42km yr -1
   - fastest in flat biomes
   - slowest on mountainous

Question 5

evolution is too .. to keep up with climate change

Answer 5

slow

-plasticity also has limits

Question 6

average species shifts ..km per decade

Answer 6

16.9km

Question 7

Santa Rosa,elevation of dominant plant species rose ..m

Answer 7

65

Question 8

climate velocities .. in mountainous biomes

climate velocities … for flat biomes

Answer 8

slowest, fastest

Question 9

2003 drought reduced GPP by ..% over Europe and released ..Pg C yr-1 to the atmosphere, cancelling out .. years of net ecosystem C sequestration

Answer 9

30
0.5
4

Question 10

Rain use efficiency has shown to be .. across drought and non-drought periods

Answer 10

consistent

-Ponce-Campos [2013], measured grasslands to forests, N/S hemisphere

Question 11

Forests cover ..% world land surface

Answer 11

30

-climate causing tree death though

Question 12

More-drought adapt forests have increased mortality during .. drought

Less drought adapt forest increased mortality during ..-.. seasonal drought

Answer 12

longer
short-term
-Drought reduces immnune response
-Can lead to C starvation
-Can heat kill trees via cavitation of water columns [bubbles]