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APS 124 Ecosystems, Climate & Environmental Change > Lecture 2 - Beth Dyson > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Beth Dyson Flashcards

1
Q

british woodlands are normally .. and …

A

Broadleaved, deciduous.

-Classified as temporate woodlands

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2
Q

natural coniferous forests can be found in .. ..

A

N. Scotland.

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3
Q

..% of modern UK is wooded

A

12%

- used to cover up to 45-50% britain

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4
Q

..% of UK woodland is native
native species consist of those grown since last … ..
primarily …

there are .. species of native trees/shrubs

A

40%
ice age
birch

50

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5
Q

UK-France landbridge was cut off ..Ka

A

10ka

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6
Q

Ancient woodland has been continuouslly wooded since ..AD

A

Woodland that has been continually wooded since 1600AD

-Likely to be natural and native, as planting increased during after 1600AD

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7
Q

Recent postland is woodland post …AD

A

1600AD

-Can still be natural or planted

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8
Q

Primary woodland has survived continously since the last .. ..

A

ice age

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9
Q

secondary woodland has been planted or established since the last .. ..

A

ice age.

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10
Q

..% of the UK is covered in woodland soil

A

45%

-leaf litter good

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11
Q

lowland woodland forests produce .. soil, boreal forests produce .. soil

A

good, bad

  • Lowland typically cut down more often
  • boreal forests typically high latitudes
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12
Q

communities occur due to …. and .. ..

A

Co-existence - Complementary and tolerance.

Competitive exclusion.

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13
Q

the three components to woodland structure are :
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..

A

Horizontal stratification.
Vertical patterning.
Species abundance.

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14
Q

a wood land ahs four layers:

the .., .., .. and .. layers

A

Tree layer (5m tall)
Shrub
Field
Ground layer

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15
Q

horizontal structures of woodland consist of .., .. and .. dispersals of plants

A

regular, random, clumped

  • e.g. looking down from top
  • random tend to be trees
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16
Q

environmental heterogeneity are differences in the .. layer

A

ground

17
Q

Using the NVC there are .. main woodlands and .. sub-communities

A

18, 73

18
Q

DAFOR stands for:

.., .., .., .. or ..

A

Dominant, abundant, frequent, occasional or rare.

-Basically judging how abundant a plant species is, ahrd to classify sometimes

19
Q

leaves can absorsb ..-..% of light

A

90-95%

20
Q

shade tolerant plants have adapted for .. ..

for example, absorbing different .., reducing ../.. ..

shade leaves are often .. and …

A

low light
wavelengths, metabolism/energy requirements
big, thin

21
Q

evergreen is a useful adaptation as .. isn’t required for growing new leaves

A

energy

22
Q

Deschampsia flexuosa is a ..-.. tolerant plant

A

partial-shade

-wavy hair grass

23
Q

taxus baccata is .. and has .. type leaves

it’s also .. ..

A

yew, needle

shade tolerant

24
Q

Phenology is the study of … events

A

Lifecycle

25
Q

vernal growth refers to .. growth

e.g. ..

A

Spring

daffodil

26
Q

aestival growth is .. growth

A

Summer

27
Q

hiernal growth is .. growth

e.g. ..

A

Winter

Snowdrop

28
Q

Coed Cymerau shows little regeneration due to mass .. predation by squirrels (..%), which there are little .. to take care of.

Wavy hair grass being a .. trap of oak leaf litter

A

acorn, 99%, predators

poor

29
Q

Vera cycle lasts .. years

It starts with .. .. (.. years) then .. .. (.. years), then .. .. (… years) and finally the .. .. of .. (.. years)

A 
500
open grassland, 125 
scrub vegetation, 75 
woodland grove, 250
break up, woodland, 75
30
Q

the vera cycle is a … process happening in a .. manner

its maintained by things like .., .. plants etc.

A

natural, cyclical

herbivores, thorny

31
Q

horizontal patteresn form due to .. and ..

also .. ..

A

morphology, growth
seed dispersal
-plants like ivy can cover a few m2 or 0.5m2 which is

32
Q

lots of wood anemone may be in .. or ..

A

grassland, woodland

33
Q

W10 in NVC is ../.. .. woodland

W11 is ../.. .. .. woodland

A

oak/fern, bramble

oak/birch, wood sorrell

APS 124 Ecosystems, Climate & Environmental Change (20 decks)

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