Lecture 2 - Beth Dyson Flashcards
british woodlands are normally .. and …
Broadleaved, deciduous.
-Classified as temporate woodlands
natural coniferous forests can be found in .. ..
N. Scotland.
..% of modern UK is wooded
12%
- used to cover up to 45-50% britain
..% of UK woodland is native
native species consist of those grown since last … ..
primarily …
there are .. species of native trees/shrubs
40%
ice age
birch
50
UK-France landbridge was cut off ..Ka
10ka
Ancient woodland has been continuouslly wooded since ..AD
Woodland that has been continually wooded since 1600AD
-Likely to be natural and native, as planting increased during after 1600AD
Recent postland is woodland post …AD
1600AD
-Can still be natural or planted
Primary woodland has survived continously since the last .. ..
ice age
secondary woodland has been planted or established since the last .. ..
ice age.
..% of the UK is covered in woodland soil
45%
-leaf litter good
lowland woodland forests produce .. soil, boreal forests produce .. soil
good, bad
- Lowland typically cut down more often
- boreal forests typically high latitudes
communities occur due to …. and .. ..
Co-existence - Complementary and tolerance.
Competitive exclusion.
the three components to woodland structure are :
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
Horizontal stratification.
Vertical patterning.
Species abundance.
a wood land ahs four layers:
the .., .., .. and .. layers
Tree layer (5m tall)
Shrub
Field
Ground layer
horizontal structures of woodland consist of .., .. and .. dispersals of plants
regular, random, clumped
- e.g. looking down from top
- random tend to be trees
environmental heterogeneity are differences in the .. layer
ground
Using the NVC there are .. main woodlands and .. sub-communities
18, 73
DAFOR stands for:
.., .., .., .. or ..
Dominant, abundant, frequent, occasional or rare.
-Basically judging how abundant a plant species is, ahrd to classify sometimes
leaves can absorsb ..-..% of light
90-95%
shade tolerant plants have adapted for .. ..
for example, absorbing different .., reducing ../.. ..
shade leaves are often .. and …
low light
wavelengths, metabolism/energy requirements
big, thin
evergreen is a useful adaptation as .. isn’t required for growing new leaves
energy
Deschampsia flexuosa is a ..-.. tolerant plant
partial-shade
-wavy hair grass
taxus baccata is .. and has .. type leaves
it’s also .. ..
yew, needle
shade tolerant
Phenology is the study of … events
Lifecycle
vernal growth refers to .. growth
e.g. ..
Spring
daffodil
aestival growth is .. growth
Summer
hiernal growth is .. growth
e.g. ..
Winter
Snowdrop
Coed Cymerau shows little regeneration due to mass .. predation by squirrels (..%), which there are little .. to take care of.
Wavy hair grass being a .. trap of oak leaf litter
acorn, 99%, predators
poor
Vera cycle lasts .. years
It starts with .. .. (.. years) then .. .. (.. years), then .. .. (… years) and finally the .. .. of .. (.. years)
500 open grassland, 125 scrub vegetation, 75 woodland grove, 250 break up, woodland, 75
the vera cycle is a … process happening in a .. manner
its maintained by things like .., .. plants etc.
natural, cyclical
herbivores, thorny
horizontal patteresn form due to .. and ..
also .. ..
morphology, growth
seed dispersal
-plants like ivy can cover a few m2 or 0.5m2 which is
lots of wood anemone may be in .. or ..
grassland, woodland
W10 in NVC is ../.. .. woodland
W11 is ../.. .. .. woodland
oak/fern, bramble
oak/birch, wood sorrell
