Lecture 1 - Gareth Phoenix Flashcards
Devensian cold stage ..-..
115,000-10,000 BP
Interstadials are periods of ..
warmth
stadials are periods of ..
cold
ICUDWLF
Ipswichian interglacial Chelford interstadial Upton Warren interstadial Dimlington stadial Windermere interstadial Loch Lomond stadial
Modern February temperature …
July …
4C
17C
Chelford insterstadial was ….BP and had …, .. and .. trees.
February temperature …, July …
… and .. species
60,000
birch, pine and spruce
-10C, 17C
temperate, boreal
- brown bear, fox, red deer, spotted hyena, reindeer, wooly rhinoceros, horse, elk
Upton Warren interstdial was ..-..BP and had … .. and .. (no trees)
February temperature …
July …C
42,000 - 38,000
Dwarf willows, birch
-15C
17C
- Thermophilous species and arctic alpines
- Mammoths etc.
Dimlington Stadial was …BP and had the maximum extension of .. ..
It was a long cold period so larger .. forced …
21,000 Devensian Ice (had ice sheets)
herbivores, south
Windermere interstadial was …BP
Had park-tundra vegetation with copses of … and had .. woods in south and east
July temperatures ..-..C
13,000
Birch, pine
17-18
-Also had reduction of ice caps
-Herb and moss tundra replaced by vegetation rich in shrubs, trees and woodland
Loch Lomond stadial was … years long
Patchy .. and tundra, tree … and .. survived
July temperatures ..-..C
Caused by disruption in .. ..?
1000 (around 10,000BP)
Permafrost, birches, pine
10-12
Gulf stream
-
Forest formation began around …BC
10,000
Godwin zones formed based on stratigraphy of ..
peatlands
-It’s a climatic subdivision of post-glacial period
Pre-Boreal was dated …BC, had a ..-.. climate and fits in the Godwinzone ..
9500
Sub-Arctic
IV
Boreal is dated ..BC, had a .. and .. climate and fits in the Godwin zones .. and ..
7600
Warmer and dry
V, VI
-Zone V
The Atlantic period is dated ..BC, had … and .. … climate and Godwin zone …
temperature up to ..C higher than today
5500
Warm and wet oceanic
VIIa
2.5C
- Forest Maximum occured during this time
- Drier than VIIb
- Trees highest altitudes and latitudes
The sub-boreal period is dated …BC, had .. and .. .. climate and fit in Godwin zone …
3000
Warm, dry, continental
VIIb
-had rapid alder increase
The sub-atlantic period is dated ..BC, had .. and .. .. climate and fit in Godwin zone …
This zone had a higher apperance of .. pollen than zone VII
500
Cool, wet, oceanic
VIII
birch
- also beech, hornbeam spores appeared
- and non-tree pollen increase relative to tree
Godwin Zone VII is separated based on the .. ..
elm decline
- lime peaks during this
- alder also becomes important
- forest maxima
Godwin Zone VI is known as the ..-.. periiod
includes expansion of …, …, … , …, …
hazel-pine
elm, hhzel, oak, lime , alder
-lots of pine
Godwin Zone V is the ..-..-.. period
lasted ..–..BC
had .. expansion, NW .. dominance
S … dominance
hazel-birch-pine
7600-5500BC
hazel, birch, pine
-thermophilous evidence
Zone IV is the post-glacial birch zone and .. is the dominant tree followed by …. and …
climate was … and period took place at …
birch, willows, juniper
sub-arctic
9500bc
-pine important in forests of south and east
Zone III is the .. .. ..
Upper Dryas Zone (Loch Lomond stadial)
Zone VII is the … ..
Allerod Interstadial (Windermere) -Establishment of birch woods and copses
Godwin zones I-III
……
… …
.. ..
Pre -windemere
windemere interstadial
loch llomond
Forest maxima Birch restricted to .. .. Pine north .. and ..., .. regions Oak was .., .., .. South and east regions had .. species
North scotland
upland, western, set
north, centeral, west
thermophilous
