lecture 9 cardiac symptoms and signs Flashcards
cardinal cardiac symptoms
chest pain
breathlessness
palpitations
syncope
syncope
temporary loss of consciousness usually related to insufficient blood flow to the brain
chest pain description
tightness
where can chest pain radiate
arms and jaw
what aggravates ischemic chest pain
exertion
cold
eating
typical angina provoked by
exertion or emotional stress
typical angina relived by
rest
GTN spray
what does GTN do
vasodilation
pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
most common cause of pericarditis
viral
pericarditis pain worse with
inhilation
lying flat
signs of pericarditis
pericardial rub
shallow breathing
pericarditis ECG
concave ST elevation
PR depression
P wave represents
atrial contraction
QRS
ventricle contraction
T wave
ventricular relaxation
chest pain radiating to the back is a sign of
aortic disection
aortic disection
tear in the aorta
where else may you feel pain from aortic disection
abdo
D dimer tests
clots
dyspnoea
abnormal uncomfortable awareness of breathing
tachypnoea
fast breathing
cardiac breathlessness causes
pulmonary oedema and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
signs of pulmonary oedema
pink frothy sputum, orthopnea and being clammy
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
wake from sleep, cough, wheeze, have to sit up, frightening and it lasts 15-30 mins
othopnoea
SOB lying flat
enlarged heart
cardiomegaly
why might you get ankle oedema
baby presses against IVC
immobility
drugs
low albumin
what could you look for in the blood if you suspect heart failure
BND, it is released from myocytes when they are stretched
you may neck rubbing cause syncope
carotid sinus hypersensitivity
palma erythema occurs with
RA
splinter heamorrhages
vasculitis
endocarditis
how does central cyanosis present
blue tounge
Xanthelasma
cholesterol deposits around the eyes
Corneal arcus
cholesterol and lipid deposits around the edge of the iris
what type of pulse in aortic stenosis
slow rising pulse
aortic regurgitation pulse
collapsing
cardiac causes of clubbing
congenital cyanotic heart disease, infective endocarditis and atrial myxoma and patent ductus arteriosus
where would you see ductus arteriosus clubbing
feet
what is atrial myxoma
tumour in the atrium
first heart sound
mitral and tricuspid shutting
second heart sound
aortic and pulmonary shutting
high JVP
heart failure, constrictive pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, renal disease and SVC obstruction
large A wave
pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid stenosis, ventricular tachycardia or heart block
steep Y descent
constrictive pericarditis
what happens to JVP when you breathe in
goes down
cushmores sign
JVP goes up when you breathe in
where is apex beet
5h intercostal space midclavicular line
thrills
palpable murmur
heaves is a sign of
left ventricular hypertrophy
when is the third heart sound
beginning of diastole
third heart sound descibe
low pitch
what heart sound is benign in young people and athletes
third
what is the third heart sound in heart failure
blood back and forth between the walls of the ventricles
forth heart sound indicates
left ventricular hypertrophy or aortic stenosis
when is the fourth heart sound
before the first heart sound at the end of diastole
fourth heart sound why
blood being forced into a stiff ventricle
when might you get a flow murmur
prosthetic valve
aortic valve prosthesis murmur
systolic ejection murmur
Mitral valve prosthesis
diastolic flow murmur