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block 13 anna > lecture 9 cardiac symptoms and signs > Flashcards

lecture 9 cardiac symptoms and signs Flashcards

1
Q

cardinal cardiac symptoms

A

chest pain
breathlessness
palpitations
syncope

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2
Q

syncope

A

temporary loss of consciousness usually related to insufficient blood flow to the brain

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3
Q

chest pain description

A

tightness

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4
Q

where can chest pain radiate

A

arms and jaw

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5
Q

what aggravates ischemic chest pain

A

exertion
cold
eating

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6
Q

typical angina provoked by

A

exertion or emotional stress

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7
Q

typical angina relived by

A

rest

GTN spray

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8
Q

what does GTN do

A

vasodilation

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9
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the pericardium

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10
Q

most common cause of pericarditis

A

viral

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11
Q

pericarditis pain worse with

A

inhilation

lying flat

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12
Q

signs of pericarditis

A

pericardial rub

shallow breathing

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13
Q

pericarditis ECG

A

concave ST elevation

PR depression

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14
Q

P wave represents

A

atrial contraction

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15
Q

QRS

A

ventricle contraction

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16
Q

T wave

A

ventricular relaxation

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17
Q

chest pain radiating to the back is a sign of

A

aortic disection

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18
Q

aortic disection

A

tear in the aorta

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19
Q

where else may you feel pain from aortic disection

A

abdo

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20
Q

D dimer tests

A

clots

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21
Q

dyspnoea

A

abnormal uncomfortable awareness of breathing

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22
Q

tachypnoea

A

fast breathing

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23
Q

cardiac breathlessness causes

A

pulmonary oedema and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea

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24
Q

signs of pulmonary oedema

A

pink frothy sputum, orthopnea and being clammy

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25
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea

A

wake from sleep, cough, wheeze, have to sit up, frightening and it lasts 15-30 mins

26
Q

othopnoea

A

SOB lying flat

27
Q

enlarged heart

A

cardiomegaly

28
Q

why might you get ankle oedema

A

baby presses against IVC
immobility
drugs
low albumin

29
Q

what could you look for in the blood if you suspect heart failure

A

BND, it is released from myocytes when they are stretched

30
Q

you may neck rubbing cause syncope

A

carotid sinus hypersensitivity

31
Q

palma erythema occurs with

A

RA

32
Q

splinter heamorrhages

A

vasculitis

endocarditis

33
Q

how does central cyanosis present

A

blue tounge

34
Q

Xanthelasma

A

cholesterol deposits around the eyes

35
Q

Corneal arcus

A

cholesterol and lipid deposits around the edge of the iris

36
Q

what type of pulse in aortic stenosis

A

slow rising pulse

37
Q

aortic regurgitation pulse

A

collapsing

38
Q

cardiac causes of clubbing

A

congenital cyanotic heart disease, infective endocarditis and atrial myxoma and patent ductus arteriosus

39
Q

where would you see ductus arteriosus clubbing

A

feet

40
Q

what is atrial myxoma

A

tumour in the atrium

41
Q

first heart sound

A

mitral and tricuspid shutting

42
Q

second heart sound

A

aortic and pulmonary shutting

43
Q

high JVP

A

heart failure, constrictive pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, renal disease and SVC obstruction

44
Q

large A wave

A

pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid stenosis, ventricular tachycardia or heart block

45
Q

steep Y descent

A

constrictive pericarditis

46
Q

what happens to JVP when you breathe in

A

goes down

47
Q

cushmores sign

A

JVP goes up when you breathe in

48
Q

where is apex beet

A

5h intercostal space midclavicular line

49
Q

thrills

A

palpable murmur

50
Q

heaves is a sign of

A

left ventricular hypertrophy

51
Q

when is the third heart sound

A

beginning of diastole

52
Q

third heart sound descibe

A

low pitch

53
Q

what heart sound is benign in young people and athletes

A

third

54
Q

what is the third heart sound in heart failure

A

blood back and forth between the walls of the ventricles

55
Q

forth heart sound indicates

A

left ventricular hypertrophy or aortic stenosis

56
Q

when is the fourth heart sound

A

before the first heart sound at the end of diastole

57
Q

fourth heart sound why

A

blood being forced into a stiff ventricle

58
Q

when might you get a flow murmur

A

prosthetic valve

59
Q

aortic valve prosthesis murmur

A

systolic ejection murmur

60
Q

Mitral valve prosthesis

A

diastolic flow murmur

block 13 anna (13 decks)

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