lecture 1 resp signs and symptoms Flashcards
sign
what you find on physical examination
symptom
what the patients complains of
a patient with heart failure symptoms
breathlessless
peripheral oedema
night sweats
swelling of the face or arms could be
obstructed superior vena cava
how might the superior vena cava be obstructed
lung in the right upper lobe
what disease presents with voice alteration
laryngeal disease
fancy word for breathlessness
dyspnoea
drug which may increase cough sensitivity
ACE inhibitor
what is found in green sputum
myeloperoxidase
what cells contain myeloperoxidase
eosinophils and neutrophils
two conditions you might have green sputum
infection
asthma
why do you get green sputum with asthma
presence of eosinophils
what is bronchiectasis
dilation of the airways
accumulation of mucus
cancer which produces lots of mucus
Bronchoalveolar carcinoma
what type of sputum does Bronchoalveolar carcinoma produce
bronchorrhea - watery
bad smelling sputum has what in it
anaerobes
what is bad smelling mucus an indicator of
absess
coughing up blood
Haemoptysis
serious conditions coughing up blood is for
lung cancer
TB
what is wheezing
turbulent flow
why do you get wheezing
obstructed airway
common wheezing diseases
asthma
COPD
stridor
inspiratory noise
when does a wheeze happen
on expiration
why is there an obstructed airway in asthma
contracted bronchiole smooth muscle
thickening of the basement membrane
infiltration of eosinophils
goblet cell hyperplasia
describe pleuritic chest pain
stabbig
localised
worse on inspiration
in pleauritic chest pain where is the pain coming from
sensory fibers on the parietal pleura
in respiratory system where are there no pain fibres
lungs and visceral plaura
two important signs
clubbing
central cyanosis
what does central cyanosis look like
blue tounge
where does the blue colour come from in central cyanosis
deoxygenated haemoglobin
finger clubbing is a key sign of
lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis and bronchiectasis
Ataraxis
flapping tremor of the hands
why do you get Ataraxis
retaining carbon dioxide
intercostal indrawing
skin gets pulled in
who does pursped lip breathing
COPD
what may horners syndrome symptoms be because of
apex lung cancer
an apical lung cancer could obstruct the
brachial plexus
what might you notice with an apical lung tumour
mucles wasting in the hand
Pectus carinatum also known as
pigeon chest
Pectus carinatum is due to
long standing airway obstruction
Pectus excavatum also known as
funnel chest
looking at expansion which side is always the one with pathology
the one that expands the least
where would you asses mediastinal shift
palpate the trachea
when palpating the trachea what distance would you measure
cricosternal distance
how will a collapsed lung affect the mediastinum
pull it towards
what disease would make the cricosternal distance smalled
COPD
normal breath sounds
vesicular
what is crackles due to
Crackles is due to the opening of occluded small airways
classic crackle diseases
pneumonia, bronchiectasis and pulmonary fibrosis
describe the crackling in pulmonary fibrosis
high pitch at the base of the lung posteriorly on inspiration
pleural rub sound
creaking
consolidation
Dull percussion
Bronchial breath sounds
Crackles
Increased vocal resonance
plaural effusion
Mediastinal shift away Decreased chest expansion Stony dullness Diminished breath sounds Decreased vocal resonance
airway obstruction
expiratory wheeze
pneumothorax
Mediastinum shifted away Reduced chest expansion Hyperresonant percussion Diminished breath sounds Reduced vocal resonance
collapse
Pulls the mediastinum Reduced chest expansion Dullness Diminished breath sounds Possibly crackles Reduced vocal resonance
unilateral fibrosis
Mediastinum pulled
Chest expansion reduced
Dulness
Crackles
