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block 13 anna > lecture 1 resp signs and symptoms > Flashcards

lecture 1 resp signs and symptoms Flashcards

1
Q

sign

A

what you find on physical examination

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2
Q

symptom

A

what the patients complains of

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3
Q

a patient with heart failure symptoms

A

breathlessless
peripheral oedema
night sweats

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4
Q

swelling of the face or arms could be

A

obstructed superior vena cava

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5
Q

how might the superior vena cava be obstructed

A

lung in the right upper lobe

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6
Q

what disease presents with voice alteration

A

laryngeal disease

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7
Q

fancy word for breathlessness

A

dyspnoea

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8
Q

drug which may increase cough sensitivity

A

ACE inhibitor

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9
Q

what is found in green sputum

A

myeloperoxidase

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10
Q

what cells contain myeloperoxidase

A

eosinophils and neutrophils

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11
Q

two conditions you might have green sputum

A

infection

asthma

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12
Q

why do you get green sputum with asthma

A

presence of eosinophils

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13
Q

what is bronchiectasis

A

dilation of the airways

accumulation of mucus

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14
Q

cancer which produces lots of mucus

A

Bronchoalveolar carcinoma

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15
Q

what type of sputum does Bronchoalveolar carcinoma produce

A

bronchorrhea - watery

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16
Q

bad smelling sputum has what in it

A

anaerobes

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17
Q

what is bad smelling mucus an indicator of

A

absess

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18
Q

coughing up blood

A

Haemoptysis

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19
Q

serious conditions coughing up blood is for

A

lung cancer

TB

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20
Q

what is wheezing

A

turbulent flow

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21
Q

why do you get wheezing

A

obstructed airway

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22
Q

common wheezing diseases

A

asthma

COPD

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23
Q

stridor

A

inspiratory noise

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24
Q

when does a wheeze happen

A

on expiration

25
Q

why is there an obstructed airway in asthma

A

contracted bronchiole smooth muscle
thickening of the basement membrane
infiltration of eosinophils
goblet cell hyperplasia

26
Q

describe pleuritic chest pain

A

stabbig
localised
worse on inspiration

27
Q

in pleauritic chest pain where is the pain coming from

A

sensory fibers on the parietal pleura

28
Q

in respiratory system where are there no pain fibres

A

lungs and visceral plaura

29
Q

two important signs

A

clubbing

central cyanosis

30
Q

what does central cyanosis look like

A

blue tounge

31
Q

where does the blue colour come from in central cyanosis

A

deoxygenated haemoglobin

32
Q

finger clubbing is a key sign of

A

lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis and bronchiectasis

33
Q

Ataraxis

A

flapping tremor of the hands

34
Q

why do you get Ataraxis

A

retaining carbon dioxide

35
Q

intercostal indrawing

A

skin gets pulled in

36
Q

who does pursped lip breathing

A

COPD

37
Q

what may horners syndrome symptoms be because of

A

apex lung cancer

38
Q

an apical lung cancer could obstruct the

A

brachial plexus

39
Q

what might you notice with an apical lung tumour

A

mucles wasting in the hand

40
Q

Pectus carinatum also known as

A

pigeon chest

41
Q

Pectus carinatum is due to

A

long standing airway obstruction

42
Q

Pectus excavatum also known as

A

funnel chest

43
Q

looking at expansion which side is always the one with pathology

A

the one that expands the least

44
Q

where would you asses mediastinal shift

A

palpate the trachea

45
Q

when palpating the trachea what distance would you measure

A

cricosternal distance

46
Q

how will a collapsed lung affect the mediastinum

A

pull it towards

47
Q

what disease would make the cricosternal distance smalled

A

COPD

48
Q

normal breath sounds

A

vesicular

49
Q

what is crackles due to

A

Crackles is due to the opening of occluded small airways

50
Q

classic crackle diseases

A

pneumonia, bronchiectasis and pulmonary fibrosis

51
Q

describe the crackling in pulmonary fibrosis

A

high pitch at the base of the lung posteriorly on inspiration

52
Q

pleural rub sound

A

creaking

53
Q

consolidation

A

Dull percussion
Bronchial breath sounds
Crackles
Increased vocal resonance

54
Q

plaural effusion

A 
Mediastinal shift away
Decreased chest expansion
Stony dullness
Diminished breath sounds
Decreased vocal resonance
55
Q

airway obstruction

A

expiratory wheeze

56
Q

pneumothorax

A 
Mediastinum shifted away
Reduced chest expansion
Hyperresonant percussion
Diminished breath sounds
Reduced vocal resonance
57
Q

collapse

A 
Pulls the mediastinum
Reduced chest expansion
Dullness
Diminished breath sounds
Possibly crackles
Reduced vocal resonance
58
Q

unilateral fibrosis

A

Mediastinum pulled
Chest expansion reduced
Dulness
Crackles

block 13 anna (13 decks)

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