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block 13 anna > lecture 12 pharmacology unfinished > Flashcards

lecture 12 pharmacology unfinished Flashcards

1
Q

two types of cell in the heart

A

myocytes

pacemakers

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2
Q

SAN where

A

junction between the superior vena cava and the right atrium

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3
Q

where is the AVN

A

base of the atrial septum

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4
Q

bundle of his where

A

interventricular septum

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5
Q

what does the bundle of his separate into

A

right and left purkinje fibers

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6
Q

fastest conduction and why

A

bundle and purkinje

so the ventricle contracts as one

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7
Q

what is complete heart block

A

electrical impulses cant cross annulus fibrosus

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8
Q

APR

A

absolute refractory period

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9
Q

RPR

A

relative refractory period

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10
Q

what is the resting membrane potential

A

neg

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11
Q

why is resting potential neg

A

potassium freely moves out

negative impermeable ions in the cell

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12
Q

what causes depolarisation

A

calcium influx

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13
Q

P wave

A

spread of excitation through atria

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14
Q

P-R

A

atria contract

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15
Q

AVN blocks

A

1st
2nd (mobitz 1 and 2)
complete

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16
Q

tachycardias

A

SVT

VT

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17
Q

mobitz type 2

A

QRS dosent follow P

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18
Q

why are we worried about mobitz type 2

A

has the potential to develop into CHB

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19
Q

what sign would there be with CBH

A

either no radial or very slow

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20
Q

cause of CHB

A

ischemia

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21
Q

what would you give someone with CBH

A

beta 1 agonist: adrenaline/isoprnaline

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22
Q

what does BBB show as

A

widened QRS

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23
Q

difference between AF and atrial flutter

A

flutter dosent resolve the steady line

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24
Q

Torsades de pointes

A

this is VT

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25
Q

causes of Torsades de pointes

A

heart block
hypokalemia/hypomagnesemia
drugs (tricyclic antidepressant overdose)
congenital long QT syndrome

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26
Q

management of arrhythmias non pharma

A

vagotonic manouvres

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27
Q

other management of arhhythmias

A

DC cradioversion
pacemaker
surgery/ablation
drugs

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28
Q

what is atropine

A

anticholinergic agent

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29
Q

what would you use to treat bradycardia

A

atropine

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30
Q

what would you use to treat bradycardia with spinal injury

A

theophylline

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31
Q

phase 0

A

depolarisation of the mebrane

influx of sodium

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32
Q

which drugs affect phase 0

A

class 1 - prolong depolarisation

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33
Q

phase 1

A

short period of repolarisation

outflow of potassium

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34
Q

phase 2

A

inward movement of calcium

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35
Q

what drugs affect phase 2

A

class 4

36
Q

phase 3

A

second repolarisation

potassium moves out of cells

37
Q

what class affects phase 3

A

class 3

38
Q

example of a class 3 drug

A

amiodarone

39
Q

what is phase 4

A

resting

40
Q

class 1 name

A

sodium channel blocker

41
Q

class 1 example

A

disopyramide

42
Q

class 1 is used for

A

SVT and VT

43
Q

class 2 name

A

beta blockers

44
Q

class 2 example

A

atenolol

45
Q

what does class 2 do

A

blocks SAN conduction

46
Q

class to is used in

A

SVT

47
Q

class 3 name

A

potassium channel blocker

48
Q

class 3 example

A

amioderone

49
Q

what does classs 3 do

A

lengthen the action potential

50
Q

class 3 used for

A

SVT and VT

51
Q

class 4 name

A

calcium channel blocker

52
Q

class 4 example

A

veramapril

53
Q

class 4 do?

A

blocks SAN and AVN conduction

54
Q

class 4 used 4

A

SVT

55
Q

class 1a drugs block

A

sodium channel

56
Q

what does 1a reduce

A

rate of depolarisation

57
Q

what does 1a prolong

A

duration of the action potential

58
Q

class 1b block

A

sodium channel

59
Q

class 1b reduces

A

rate of depolarisation

60
Q

class 1b shortens

A

duration of the action potantial

61
Q

class 1c blocks

A

sodium channel

62
Q

class 1 c and depolarisation

A

reduces the rate

63
Q

class 1c action potential

A

no affect

64
Q

class 2 reduces

A

sytmpathetic effect

65
Q

class 3 blocks

A

potassium channel

66
Q

class 4

A

calcium channel blockers

67
Q

amioderone class

A

mainly 3

some 1 and 2

68
Q

sotalol class

A 
beta blocker
also some class 3
69
Q

adenosine MOA

A

potassium channel activator

70
Q

effects of adenosine

A

slow the pacemaker

slow AVN conduction

71
Q

what is adenosine used for

A

SVT

72
Q

digoxin MO

A

blocks the sodium potassium ATPase channel, linked to the sodium calcium exchanger channel
increase in intracellular sodium so there is reduced calcium exchanged with the sodium.

73
Q

digoxin effect

A

slow AVN conduction

positive inotropic effect

74
Q

digoxin is used for

A

AF and AF in congestive heart failure

75
Q

magnesium MOA

A

calcium channel blocker

76
Q

atropine class

A

antimuscarinic

77
Q

atropine increases

A

firing of SAN and AVN conduction

78
Q

atropine is used for

A

bradycardia

79
Q

how is digoxin removed

A

entrirely renally excreted unchanged

80
Q

bad point about digoxin

A

low therapeutic window

gynocamastia

81
Q

digoxin interacts with

A

diuretics
amioderone
veramapril

82
Q

lidocaine is for

A

VT when you cant use amioderone

83
Q

lidocaine class

A 
class 3
blocks sodium channels
84
Q

beta blockers are used for

A

hypertension, IHD, arrhythmias and heart failure

85
Q

Contraindications of beta blockers

A

asthma, cardiogenic shock, hypotension and AV block

86
Q

calcium channel blcokers are used for

A

hypertension, angina and arrhythmia

block 13 anna (13 decks)

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