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A/P > Lecture 9; 9/16 - Spinal anatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 9; 9/16 - Spinal anatomy Flashcards

Test 2

1
Q

How many C- vertebrae are there?

A

7

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2
Q

What are some special anatomy only in the C spine?

A

-bifid spinous process

-transverse foramen

-hollowed out transverse process (Sulcus)

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3
Q

What goes through the transverse foramen in the C-vertebrae?

A

Vertebral Arteries

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4
Q

Which C-vertebrae doesnt have a spinous process?

A

C1

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5
Q

What are the probabilities that a C-vertebrae will have a bifid spinous process?

A

C2-C5: Almost always

C6: 50%

C7: 3% Usually single spinous process

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6
Q

The transverse foramen add a layer of _______ to the vertebral arteries because they are feeding blood to the brain

A

protection

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7
Q

Who is the C1 spine named after?

A

Atlas; Mythical god who held the weight of the wold on his shoulders

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8
Q

What C-vertebraes are specialized?

A

C1 and C2

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9
Q

What is C1 also called?

A

Atlas

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10
Q

What is C2 also called?

A

Axis

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11
Q

What is in place of the spinous process on C1?

A

Posterior tubercle

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12
Q

Where does the skull sit?

A

The cartlidge on the superior articular facet

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13
Q

Where does C2 connect to C1?

A

Facet for dens

-posterior/proximal to the anterior arch/turbercle

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14
Q

What is the anterior arch known for?

A

Pivot point where C1 and C2 fit together in front of the vertebrae

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15
Q

T/F: all C-vertebrae have vertebral bodies

A

F

C1 does not

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16
Q

Where does the spinal cord go into the skull?

A

Foramen Magnum

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17
Q

What is the anterior tubercle?

A

nub in front of the anterior arch

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18
Q

What is the main function of C1?

A

To stabilize head

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19
Q

Where does the superior artuclar facets connect to the skull?

A

Occipital condyle (cartilage)

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20
Q

Where does Antlanto Occipital Ligaments run?

A

They connect the top of the spine through the foramen magnum

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21
Q

What is responsible for nodding?

A

The Alanto Occipital Ligaments which include the superior articular facet and the occipital condyle

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22
Q

T/F: The posterior and anterior articular facet on C2 are bone

A

F

Cartlidge

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23
Q

What on C2 connects with C1?

A

The Dens on C2 connects with the facet of dens on C1

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24
Q

Describe the Dens on C2?

A

Projection that sticks upward

Posterior and anterior articular facets with cartlidge

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25
Q

T/F: C2 has a vertebral body

A

T

It is small

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26
Q

What is special about the Dens on C2?

A

Dens of AXIS
AXIS IS C2

It is some flexibility and tou can swivle head from side to side.

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27
Q

Describe Spinal Ligaments: Anterior Longitudinal ligament

A

Runs down the entire front (anterior) of the spine

From Sacrum to skull

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28
Q

Describe Spinal Ligaments: Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

Runs down the back (posterior) of the vertebral body of the entire spine

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29
Q

Describe Spinal Ligaments: Intertransverse ligament

A

Links the tips of the transverse processes

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30
Q

Describe Spinal Ligaments: Supraspinous ligaments

A

Links tips of spinous processes

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31
Q

Describe Spinal Ligaments: Interspinous ligament

A

Ligments linking in between the entire spinous processes

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32
Q

Describe Spinal Ligaments: Ligamentum Flava

A

STRETCHY

Connects the remaining anterior arches together between vertebrae

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33
Q

What is special about ligamentum flava?

A

When approaching with a needle you will feel a change in resistance because it is stretchy

You can gauge how deep or where you are with the needle

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34
Q

What happens if the person you are working on doesnt have any ligementum flava?

A

Cant use that as a marker because you might misjudge your depth

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35
Q

What is the Nuchal ligament?

A

Extention of Interspinous ligaments

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36
Q

Where is the Anterior Antlanto Occipital membrane?

A

Front and top part of neck

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37
Q

Where is the Posterior Antlanto Occipital membrane?

A

ligament/fibers that connects arch of C1 to the posterior opening for the Foramen Magnum

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38
Q

What does Antlanto mean?

A

Atlas and Occipital

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39
Q

Describe: External Occipital Protuberance

A

MARKER

Small bump on the back of your head (occipital bone) where Nuchal ligament and supraspinous ligament connect

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40
Q

T/F: You see alot of T-Spine injuries?

A

F

T-spine is strong and robust structure with lots of connections

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41
Q

How many vertebrate in T-Spine?

A

12

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42
Q

What does the T mean in T-spine?

A

Thorasic

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43
Q

What does concave mean?

A

Inward

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44
Q

What does convex mean?

A

Outward

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45
Q

Is C-spine concave or convex?

A

convex

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46
Q

How many pairs of ribs do we have?

A

12

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47
Q

How many ribs do we have?

A

24

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48
Q

Is T-spine concave or convex?

A

Concave

49
Q

What is the vertebral prominens?

A

MARKER

Large bump on the back of our neck
d/t C7 spinous process

T1 is larger than C7 so probably from T1 but book says C7

50
Q

Describe the spinous processes in T-spine

A

Angled downward (hard to access with a needle midline) ** only in T spine**

51
Q

What is connected to the Tspine?

A

RIBS! yum

52
Q

12 T-vertebraes for

A

12 pairs of ribs

53
Q

Where do the ribs connect to the spine?

A

Superior/inferior/On transverse processes Costal facets -

54
Q

How many costal facets do ribs attach to?

A

3

55
Q

T/F: Costal facets are on top of or lateral to transverse process?

A

T

56
Q

How many ribs do we have on each side of the body?

A

12

57
Q

Where does Rib 1 connect?

A

Top of T1

58
Q

Which ribs have limited connections?
How many connections do they have?

A

11 and 12

1

59
Q

What ribs are easiest to get moved out of place and why?

A

11 and 12

floating ribs

60
Q

What ribs directly connect to the sternum? What are they called

A

1-7

True ribs

61
Q

What ribs are indirectly connected to the sternum? what are they called?

A

8-10

false ribs

62
Q

What ribs arent connected to the sternum? What are they called?

A

11-12

floating ribs

63
Q

What connects the ribs to the sternum?

A

Costal cartlidge

64
Q

How do the false ribs connect to the sternum?

A

The costal cartlidge connects to the rib 7’s costal cartlidge

65
Q

What sits in between vertebral bodies?

A

intervertebral disks

66
Q

How many vertebrae does a rib connect to?

A

2

67
Q

What part of the rib about connects to the costal facets?

A

Head

68
Q

Describe the body of T-spine vertebrae

A

L side of the body flat/compressed d/t the aorta of the heart being right there

69
Q

What does the L in lumbar stand for?

A

LARGE

large vertebraes

70
Q

Is the L-spine convex or concave?

A

convex

71
Q

T/F: The L spine is okay to access midline with a needle

A

T

72
Q

The L spine supports lots of ______

A

weight

73
Q

What is the most popular part of the spine for epidurals and spinals?

A

L spine

74
Q

How do we get more room for access between the spinous processes in the L spine?

A

Ask the pt to round their back and lean forward

75
Q

What is the intervertebral foramen?

A

Consist of inferior and superior vertebral notch where spinal nerves come out

76
Q

What does lordotic mean?

A

Convex

77
Q

What does kyphotic mean?

A

Concave

78
Q

What are transverse lines in S spine

A

Where the fusion of vertebrae took place

79
Q

What are the sacral foramina?

A

Where the spinal nerves exit.

80
Q

How many sacral foramina and spinal nerves are there in the S spine?

A

8 sacral foramen

10 spinal nerves

81
Q

Where does the last intervertebral disk sit on the S spine?

A

Promontory

this is the weight supporting structure on top of the sacrum

82
Q

What is the Superior articular process on the S Spine?

A

MARKER

83
Q

How many vertebrae were fused in the S spine?

A

5

84
Q

Where can we give drugs in the S spine?

A

Posterior Sacral foramina

85
Q

What are the fused spinous processes of the S spine called?

A

Median Sacral Crest

86
Q

what are the fused transverse processes of the S spine called?

A

Lateral sacral crest

87
Q

Where does the spinal nerves exit the S spine for coccygeal?

A

Sacral hiatus

88
Q

How many actual vertebrae does the Coccyx have?

A

2

89
Q

The area around the Median sacral crest is…

A

Medialllllll sacral crest or intermediate

90
Q

How many vertebrae does the coccyx start with?

A

4

91
Q

When you palpate the top of your pelvis what is that?

A

Illiac crest

Horizontal line should put you at L4

** Under will give you L4/L5
abouve will give you L3/L4 **

92
Q

How do you give drugs through the Sacrum?

A

Throught the S2 posterior sacral foramina.

You can SEE and Palpalate the Superior illiac spines on your lower back.
Looks like 2 little bumps

from there go DOWN 1 cm
go to MIDLINE 1 cm

93
Q

Why dont we use S1 sacral foramina for drugs?

A

turned to the side; harder access

94
Q

What are palpable markers in the anterior pelvis?

A

Anterior superior and inferior iliac spines

pubic tubercles

95
Q

What is a palpable on the femur?

A

greater trochanter

96
Q

What is the difference in anatomy of a female vs male pelvis?

A

Female is wider

97
Q

What connects the 2 sides of the anterior pelvis?

A

Pubic symphysis (cartlidge)

98
Q

What is significant about the inguinal ligament?

A

Where we normally see fat fold over from the stomach area

99
Q

What connects the transverse processes of L4 and L5?

A

Iliolumbar ligament

100
Q

The pelvis is a part of the _____ spine?

A

S-Sacral

101
Q

Where does the umbilicus put you?

A

L3/L4

102
Q

Why isnt umbilicus a good marker?

A

Different weights

103
Q

The greater trochanter is our 2nd set of ____

A

hips

104
Q

Describe: Intervertebral disks

A

Gel filled cushion (pulosus)
outside is fibrous
sandwhiched in between cartlidge (Not cartlidge itself)

gets lost with fushion

105
Q

What type of pattern does the intervertebral disks have?

A

Crosshatch

106
Q

Describe the Posterior Longitudinal ligament

A

No crosshatch
Very weak
Where most herniated disks are

107
Q

How do herniated disks happen?

A

Loss of nucleous pulposus (gel) and weak spots in the fiber surrounding it.

Herniation can happen from trauma or genetics

Gel comes through the fiber mostly in the posterior longitudinal ligaments

108
Q

What are treatments for a herniated disk?

A

Discesctomy

Spinal fusion

Laminectomy

109
Q

Which procedure is the best for herniate disk?

A

Laminectomy by a neurosurgeon

only removing a very small part of the bone thats causing the problem

110
Q

Best treatment for lower back pain?

A

PT

Hamstring workouts/stretches

intervertebral foramen usually compressed from hamstring tension from ligaments being pulled.

111
Q

What part if the spine is being affected by lower back problems?

A

Lumbar

112
Q

What are the 3 layers of connective tissue that surround the CNS?

A

Pia mater

Arachnoid layer

Dura later

113
Q

Mater =

A

Layer

114
Q

Describe the Pia Mater

A

1st layer directly on top of brain.
On top of neurons and glial cells

115
Q

Describe the Arachnoid layer

A

2nd layer: Superficial to pia mater, blood vessles of the CNS, CFS filled compartment

translucent

116
Q

Where are the spinal arteries and veins located in the Spine?

A

Superior to pia mater but inferior to arachnoid layer.

117
Q

Describe the Dura mater

A

3rd and outtermost later- superficial to arachnoid layer

tough and robust

118
Q

What is the “potential space” in the connetive tissues

A

Space between arachnoid layer and dura layer

“Subdural space”

There”s nothing there…..

A/P (24 decks)

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