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A/P > Lecture 11/4: CV Biophysics Overview Pt 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 11/4: CV Biophysics Overview Pt 1 Flashcards

Final

1
Q

What organ is a major part of the circulatory system?

A

Kidneys

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2
Q

CVS =

A

Cardiovascular system

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3
Q

What are the 3 major functions of the circulatory system?

A
  1. Transporting nutrients to tissues
  2. transporting waster products away from tissues
  3. Circulating hormones released from the endocrine system into the CVS
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4
Q

Describe units: Volume

A

A size

Ex) L, ml, gallon

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5
Q

Describe units: Velocity

A

distance/time

Ex) miles/hr

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6
Q

Describe units: Pressure

A

Force

Ex) mmHg or cmH2O

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7
Q

Describe units: Area

A

Also a size

Ex) cross-sectional

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8
Q

Describe units: Blood Flow

A

Volume/time

Ex) ml/min or dL/min

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9
Q

What factors influence blood flow?

A

-Vascular resistance (or vascular conductance)
-Blood pressure

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10
Q

__________ determines what type of pressure we have

A

Vascular resistance

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11
Q

What is another name for a point in the aorta where vascular resistance is created?

A

choke point

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12
Q

What happens when vascular resistance in the aorta is increased: Blood flow; pressure before choke point; pressure after?

A

Blood flow: decreased

Pressure before: increased

Pressure after: decreased

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13
Q

What happens to blood flow when you decrease vascular resistance?

A

increase

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14
Q

What drives blood flow? Give an example. What alters blood pressure?

A

Blood pressure

Ex) brain using CPP to drive brain blood flow

vascular resistance

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15
Q

How is vascular conductance and vascular resistance similar?

A

Conductance is the inverse of resistance
-How easy it is to get blood through a vessel

Ex) High vascular resistance = means blood is hard to get through vessel = low vascular conductance

High resistance = low conductance
low resistance = high conductance

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16
Q

What is Poiseuille’s Law?

A

Determines blood flow by taking a better look at vascular resistance

Factors in physics: viscosity, density, etc

States that a small change in blood vessel diameter has a large change on blood flow
Ex) Blood vessel relaxes a little bit –> huge increase in blood flow

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17
Q

What are 2 basic but major functions of the kidney?

A
  1. managaing fluid volume
  2. filtering
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18
Q

______ take blood to the heart and ______ take blood away from the heart

A

veins

arteries

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19
Q

What organ manages fluid volume in the body?

A

kidney

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20
Q

Increasing fluid volume in the kidneys _______ blood volume in the CVS

A

increases

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21
Q

What are the higher pressure blood vessels?

A

Arteries

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22
Q

Where is the majority of blood stored in the body? how much?

A

Systemic veins

84%

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23
Q

Differentiate between a system in series & a system in parallel

A

System in series: blood vessels connected side by side
-The resistance is now combined
-Resistance increases the more blood vessels combined
R(total) = R1 + R2 + R3….

System in parallel: Blood vessels connects on top of each other
-resistance in now split between the vessels (decreased) & blood flow decreased
**R(total) - 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3….

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24
Q

x-section =

A

cross sectional area

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25
Q

what is x-section exactly?

A

if the blood vessel is a cylinder

xsection is the area of the circle in the cylinder

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26
Q

How many aortas and venae cavas do you have?

A

aorta = 1

venae cava = 2 (superior & inferior)

27
Q

Name the blood vessels in order leaving your heart and returning to your heart

A

Aorta
Large arteries
Small arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules/Veins
Small veins
Venae Cavae

28
Q

What happens to xsection when you get closer to the heart? What does this mean?

A

xsection decreases

Velocity increases

Xsection is low dt there only being 1/2 vessels, its a bigger large vessel so velocity is high

29
Q

What is the xsection of the aorta? describe this

A

2.5 cm2

xsection is large but there is only 1; velocity high.

30
Q

What is the xsection of capillaries? describe this

A

2500 cm2

The xsection is actually very small but there are so many capillaries so thats why this is the highest area

Velocity low through here bc xsection high

31
Q

What is the xsection of the venae cava? describe this

A

8 cm2

xsection is large but there is only 2 of them, so low; but velocity high.

32
Q

The L artrium has a very _____ pressure

A

low

33
Q

The L ventricle, aorta, & large arteries has a ______ pressure

A

high

34
Q

At what blood vessel does BP start to taper?

A

Small arteries

35
Q

What are your high resistance vessels or “choke points”? What does this mean?

A

Small arteries
arterioles

These vessels are able to contract and relax

36
Q

What is proximal to the small arteries?

A

Large arteries

37
Q

What is distal to the arterioles?

A

Capillaries

38
Q

What is normal BP in the veins and R atrium?

A

10 mmHg

39
Q

Describe blood flow once you pass the capillaries

A

Only drops a little bit bc veins dont have much resistance dt thin walls (increased compliance)

40
Q

Veins have _______ compliance dt thin wall

A

increased

41
Q

What happens when blood moves through the small arteries and arterioles? Why?

A

BP drops

These are the high resistance vessels

42
Q

When we take BP from cuff, it’s looking at BP in the ___________

A

Large arteries

43
Q

How does phenylephrine work? what is an AE that we need to be looking for with this?

A

Squeezes on the small arteries and arterioles to increase pressure in the large arteries

Pressure in the capillaries/veins will be low tho —-> decreased perfusion to the peripheries!!!!! Necrosis

44
Q

What would happen if all blood vessels were completely open? (No resistance)

A

We would have no blood pressure –> pressure drives flow –> we would have no blood flow

45
Q

What blood vessel does all blood have to flow through?

A

Aorta

46
Q

Beside vascular resistance, what a secondary reason thats BP decreases as it leaves the heart?

A

increasing xsection (systems in parallel) –> decreases velocity and resistance which contributes to decreasing pressure.

47
Q

What is the Circulatory Function Theory?

A

Blood flow is determined by metabolic rate of the tissues.

Kidneys sense this and either attempt to make up the fluid volume to increase/decrease blood volume by holding on to/excreted ions.

Ex) high metabolic rate = needing to increase blood flow –> need to increase blood volume –> need to increase fluid volume –> kidney senses this –> holds on to more ions to hold on to more fluid to put into CVS

48
Q

What is orderly & efficient blood flow called?

A

Laminar flow

49
Q

Describe Laminar Flow

A

Orderly and efficient blood flow through a vessel

-Edges of the vessel has a slower blood flow dt high resistance walls
-The center of the vessel has fastest blood flow bc its farther away from high resistance walls

50
Q

Describe Disorderly Flow

A

“Turbulent Flow”
Not efficient & causes problems

Cause: anything that causes a narrow opening “choke point” of the blood vessel –> velocity after would be high –> squirting blood against vessel walls

-behind&after choke point: Ca++ & cholesterol in blood getting slammed or squirted against vessel wall & getting stuck there –> arteriosclerosis/calcification

51
Q

What is the equation called to predict turbulent flow?

A

Renold’s equation

Re = (v . d . p) / n

Do not memorize this equation
Will use next semester
I only put this here incase he uses it for extra credit

52
Q

Kidney’s get about ____% of minute cardiac output. Which is about how much?

A

22%

1.1 L/min

53
Q

How many ml and dL is 1.1 L?

A

ml = 1100

dL = 11

54
Q

Why do kidneys get more blood flow than they actually need?

A

To be an effective filter
kidney perfusion not determined by current metabolic rate

Just incase they need to start filtering way more than usual; they have the blood flow to increase their metabolic rate to do do.

55
Q

How do we PHYSICALLY measure blood flow?

A

ultrasonic probe around blood vessel

56
Q

What is Ohm’s law in relation to Pressure?

A

△Pressure = Flow x Vascular resistance

△P = P1 - P2

Large difference = lots of flow
Small difference = less flow

57
Q

As vascular resistance increases, flow______

A

decreases

58
Q

As △Pressure increases, flow ________

A

increases

59
Q

Equation: Poiseuille’s Law Dont memorize

A

F = (π∆Pr4)/8nl

Next semester

60
Q

What is the BP in the abdominal aorta?

A

100mmHg

61
Q

What is normal cardiac output?

A

5 L

62
Q

What is normal renal blood flow?

A

22% of cardiac output

Cardiac output is 5 L

5 x 0.22 = 1.1

RBF = 1.1 L/min

63
Q

The _______ takes blood into the kidney & the ______ takes blood out of the kidney and back into the CVS

A

renal artery

renal vein

64
Q

Equation: Vascular Conductance

A

Conductance = 1 / Resistance

A/P (26 decks)

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