Lecture 8; 9/13 Flashcards
Test 2
Name 2 pressure sensors.
Pacinian Corpuscle
Meissner’s Corpuscle
What is the pressure sensor for the skeletal muscle?
Golgi tendon apparatus
What is the stretch sensor in skeletal muscle?
Muscle Spindle
What does somatic mean?
Sensible - to be able to feel
What are the pain sensors?
Free nerve endings; nocieptors
What is adaptation in relation to sensory receptors?
Resetting process: sensors can adapt to a change
What is reverse adaptation?
Mostly seen with pain. When pain receptor is exposed to prolonged pain and the receptor becomes more sensitive.
Thats why its important to take pain meds when prescribed and to tackle pain immediately
What is 1 way to prevent reverse adaptation?
Nerve block. Free nerve ending never exposed to pain therefore preventing the prolonged exposure.
What is an example of adaptation?
Baroreceptors in high CO.
What is the job of the somatic sensory receptors?
To turn physical force into electrical current
What are the sending and recieving end in synapses called?
Pre- and Post-synaptic terminals
Directional Nomenclature: Superior
Above
Directional Nomenclature: Inferior
Below
Directional Nomenclature: Dorsal
Back
Directional Nomenclature: Ventral
Front
Directional Nomenclature: Anterior
Front
Directional Nomenclature: Posterior
Back
Directional Nomenclature: Medial
Midline
Directional Nomenclature: Lateral
To the side
Directional Nomenclature: Rostral
Front and upper
Directional Nomenclature: Caudal
Lower and rear
Directional Nomenclature: Distal
Further from CNS
Directional Nomenclature: Proximal
Closer to CNS
Directional Nomenclature: superficial
closer to the skin
Directional Nomenclature: Deep
further from the skin
Planes/Cross Sections: Sagittal
Separates L from R of the body
Planes/Cross Sections: Coronal
Separates anterior from posterior
Planes/Cross Sections: horizontal
Separates superior from inferior
Planes/Cross Sections: Oblique
Odd angle that is not sagittal, coronal, or horizontal
What are the 2 parts of the brain?
Telencephalon and Diencephalon
What does the telencephalon consist of and where is it located?
Cerebral hemispheres (cerebral cortex)
It is located superior to the diencephalon
What does the Diencephalon consist of and where is it located?
It is the connecting point between the brainstem and telencephalon. It includes the hypothalamus and thalamus.
Inferior to the telencephalon
Superior to the brainstem
What is the importance of the hypothalamus?
It is an importantt control center and sensory area
Includes: infection sensors, body temp sensors, osmo receptors
What is the importance of the thalamus?
Important relationship center between cerebral cortex, brain stem, and the rest of the body.
What does the brainstem consist of and their locations?
- Midbrain (mesencephalon); most superior part of brainstem; inferior to diencephalon
- Pons; (Looks like big circle in brainstem) inferior to midbrain; superior to medulla oblongata
- Medula oblongata; most inferior part of brainstem; inferior to pons; superior to spinal cord.
- brainstem anterior to cerebellum; inferior to brain
Neuroanatomy terms: Sulcus
Groove
Neuroanatomy terms: Gyrus
Lump: lumps of tissue separated by grooves.
multiple lumps called Gyri
Neuroanatomy terms: Fissure
Really deep grooves
What are the 4 major Lobes?
Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal
Describe the Frontal lobe
Thinking and movement
Most anterior lobe
Describe the Parietal lobe
Senses
Most inferior lobe