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A/P > Lecture 13; 9/25 > Flashcards

Lecture 13; 9/25 Flashcards

Test 3

1
Q

The cord transmit _____ information from the peripheries to the brain/brainstem

A

sensory

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2
Q

Motor pathways are

A

Descending

Efferent

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3
Q

What are the majority of efferent pathways called?

A

Pyramidal

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4
Q

What are the 2 Pyramidal pathways called?

A

Lateral Corticospinal tract

Anterior Corticospinal tract

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5
Q

What are the Pyramidal pathways responsible for?

A

Majority of movement

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6
Q

What are the the 2 motor efferent pathways called?

A

Pyramidal tracts
Extrapyramidal tracts

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7
Q

What are the 4 extrapyramidal tracts called?

A

Rubrospinal tract
Reticulospinal tract
Olivospinal tract
Vestibulospinal tract

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8
Q

What are the extrapyramidal tracts responsible for?

A

Accessory motor pathways for complex tasks

we dont even know that it is happening

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9
Q

What is a tract?

A

Bundle of axons within the CNS

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10
Q

What is a nerve?

A

Bunle of axons outside of the CNS

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11
Q

Senory is _____ and Motor is ______

A

Up

Down

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12
Q

Sensory pathways are_______

A

Ascending

Afferent

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13
Q

Do we have more motor or sensory pathways? Why?

A

Sensory

We have much more sensory information being transmitted through the body than motor. Ex) Pressure, temp, pain, etc

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14
Q

Ascending and Descending columns are ______ bundled together

A

axons

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15
Q

Where does our touch/pressure sensory gets fed up from?

A

The Dorsal Column pathways

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16
Q

If our hands are up in the air, what pathway does this get fed up from?

A

The Dorsal Column pathways

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17
Q

Where are pain signals relayed from?

A

Anterolateral system

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18
Q

What does the anterolateral system consist of?

A

Anterior spinothalamic tract
Lateral spinothalamic tract

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19
Q

Through the spine into the thalamus =

A

Spinothalamic

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20
Q

How does pain signal travels?

A

Pain signals -> spine -> thalamus -> parietal cortex

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21
Q

What happens in the parietal cortex regarding pain?

A

Pain is sorted

Ex) how bad is the pain, where is it coming from, how severe is it?

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22
Q

Anterolateral =

A

Spinothalamic

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23
Q

What is Rexed’s Laminae?

A

Ways to divid grey matter in the cord

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24
Q

How is Rexed Laminae numbered?

A

Back to front

Dorsal to ventral

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25
Q

What is Lamina I responsible for?

A

Fast/Sharp pain

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26
Q

What is the alt name for Lamina I?

A

Lamina Marginalis

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27
Q

How does the signal travel on Lamina I

A

Alpha-Delta Fibers

Heavy Myelinated nociceptors

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28
Q

What is Laminae II and III responsible for?

A

Slow pain

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29
Q

What are Laminae II and III collectedly called?

A

Substantia Gelatinosa

30
Q

What alt Laminae is responsible for slow pain?

A

V

31
Q

How does the signal travel on Laminae II and III?

A

Non-myelinated C-fibers

32
Q

Where are Mechanoreceptors located?

A

Laminae I - VI

33
Q

What do Mechanoreceptors do?

A

Relay pressure sensory info to the areas where Laminae I-VI

34
Q

Where is Laminae I-VI?

A

Dorsal horn

35
Q

What does Lamina Marginalis mean?

A

Tip of Dorsal Horn

36
Q

How many Laminae are there in total?

A

10

37
Q

Where does crosstalk happen in the grey matter?

A

Laminae X

38
Q

Where does crosstalk happen in the white matter?

A

Anterior white commisure

39
Q

Where are the majority of large motor neurons?

A

Laminae VIII

40
Q

Why is the ventral horn bigger than the dorsal?

A

Cell bodies from multipolar motor neurons

41
Q

Where is Laminae X located?

A

In the center of the grey matter. Surrounds the central canal

42
Q

What does the Spinocerebellar tract do?

A

Bring sensory info from the spine to the cerebellum

43
Q

What is the nickname for the Dorsal-Column Medial Lemniscal System?

A

DCML

44
Q

Describe the Dorsal-Column Medial Lemniscal System

A

Major pressure sensory and touching sensitive pathway

Passes through the Medial Lemniscal of the brainstem

In the Dorsal part of the cord

45
Q

Spinothalamic tract =

A

Pain

46
Q

Corticospinal tracts alt names

A

Descending motor pathways
Pyramidal tracts

47
Q

Where does the Corticospinal tracts originate?

A

Cerebral cortex / motor cortex

48
Q

Where is our motor cortex?

A

Pre central sulcus
Frontal lobe

49
Q

Where is our cerebral cortex?

A

Most superior part of brain: Telencephalon

50
Q

Where does the Extrapyramidal tracts originate?

A

Brainstem

51
Q

The higher in the cord we go the _____ the dorsal column is

A

Bigger

52
Q

Which part of the dorsal column changes?

A

The Fasciculus Cuneatus

53
Q

What is the lateral part of the dorsal column?

A

Fasciculus Cuneatus

54
Q

Describe the Fasciculus Gracilis vs Fasciculus Cuneatus

A

Fasciculus Gracilis: Sensory pathway for muscles in lower extremities

Fasciculus Cuneatus: Sensory pathway for muscles in upper extremities

55
Q

What type of fibers are used in the DCML?

A

Heavily myelinated A-fibers

Alpha
Beta
Delta
Gamma

(Fine vibrations and Fine pressure)

56
Q

The Gracilis muscle is located where?

A

Leg

57
Q

Describe A-fibers

A

Very fast signaling

58
Q

Where does crossover happen in the DCML?

A

Lower part of the Medulla which is at the bottom of the brainstem

59
Q

What is the Ventrobasal Complex?

A

Part of the thalamus that runs info to the parietal lobe in the DCML pathway

60
Q

Describe the internal Capsule

A

Sits outside of the thalamus

The DCML pathway passes through here AFTER going through the thalamus on the way to the cerebral cortex / parietal lobe

61
Q

Describe the pathway for DCML for a foot tickle

A

Dorsal root/spinal ganglion -> dorsal rootlets -> ascending Fasciculus gracilis -> Lower medulla oblongata -> Medulla oblongata -> Medial Lemniscus -> Ventrobasal complex of the thalamus -> Internal Capsule -> Cerebral cortex/parietal lobe

62
Q

What are the body parts affected from the postcentral gyrus by DCML pathways from anterior to posterior

A

Lower extremities
Trunk
Upper extremities
Face

63
Q

Where are the majority of our pressure sensors?

A

Hands and Face

64
Q

Why are corticospinal tracts called Pyramidal tracts?

A

Because they pass through the pyraminds in the brain stem

65
Q

Where does the Lateral corticospinal (primary) pathway originate?

A

Cerebral corbex (frontal lobe/precentral sulcus/primary motor cortex)

66
Q

What is the pathway of the Lateral corticospinal pathway?

A

Cortex -> Internal Capsule -> Pyraminds of Medulla -> Crossover at the Pyramidal Decussation on the Medulla -> Lateral Corticospinal tract

67
Q

Where does crossover happen in the Lateral Corticospinal (Primary) pathway?

A

Pyramidal Decussaton on the Pyramids of the Medulla

68
Q

Where are the pyramids of the medulla located?

A

Ridges on the anterior brainstem

69
Q
A
70
Q

____% of Motor signals come from the anterior corticospinal tract

A

17%

71
Q

Where does crossover happen in the anterior corticospinal tract?

A

In the spinal cord at the level where message needs to be communicated at

72
Q

What % of info doesnt get crossed over at all?

A

2-3%

A/P (26 decks)

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