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A/P > Lecture 11; 9/20 > Flashcards

Lecture 11; 9/20 Flashcards

Test 2

1
Q

What is the circle of Willis?

A

pathway that can increase the likelihood to have collateral circulation

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2
Q

What does COW stand for?

A

Circle of Willis

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3
Q

When an artery get blocked in the COW what should happen?

A

The blood should have another pathway to get to the tissue that needs to be perfused

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4
Q

T/F: If you get a blockage in the COW you may not know

A

T

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5
Q

What arteries does the COW consist of?

A

1 Basilar arteries

3 Large arteries on each the brain:
–Posterior cerebral artery (2)
–Middle cerebral artery (2)
–Anterior Cerebral Artery (2)

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6
Q

Describe: Basilar artery

A

Anterior to the pons

midline

2 vertebral arteries combine and form 1 basilar artery

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7
Q

Describe: Posterior cerebral artery

A

2

connected to basilar artery

in the back of COW

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8
Q

Describe: Middle cerebral artery

A

2

Largest arteries in COW

In the middle on each side

Provides perfusion to the middle and lateral cerebral cortex

Bad artery to have a stroke in because it will create a massive amount of damage

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9
Q

Describe: Anterior Cerebral Artery

A

2

perfuses front and medial frontal lobe

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10
Q

What is A1 in COW?

A

Pre communicating

Early portion of the arterior cerebral artery

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11
Q

What is A2?

A

Post communicating

Late portion of the anterior cerebral artery

delivers perfusion to tissues

(extends from COW but not part of it)

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12
Q

What is P1 in COW?

A

Pre communicating

Early portion of the posterior cerebral artery

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13
Q

What is P2?

A

Post communicating

Late portion of the posterior cerebral artery

delivers perfusion to tissues

(extends from COW but not part of it)

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14
Q

What are the Cerebellar arteries?
Where are they?

A

–Around pons and brainstem–

Superior Cerebellar A

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar A

Theres 1 on each side.

2 of each.

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15
Q

What does the vertebral arteries feed?

A

The Basilar A
Posterior inferior cerebellar A

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16
Q

What does the Basilar A. feed?

A

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A.
Posterior Cerebral A.
Superior Cerebellar A.

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17
Q

What does the posterior cerebral A perfuse?

A

Inferior parts of the brain

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18
Q

What is neccesary for crosstalk in the COW?

A

Anterior communicating artery

Located between the A2 parts of the anterior cerebral A

19
Q

What is BBF?

A

Brain Blood Flow

Determined by metabolic requirements of brain tissues

20
Q

What is the main byproduct in the brain?

A

CO2

21
Q

Brain blood vessles open more with _____ CO2

A

Increase

more blood flow

22
Q

What is the Autoregulation range in BBF?

A

50 to 150mmHg

23
Q

What is the lower limit in Autoregulation of BBF? What is it called?

A

50 mmHg

LLA (lower limit Autoregulation)

24
Q

What does Autoregulation tell us?

A

Systemic changes in blood pressure shouldnt change BBF unless its below a MAP or CPP of 50 or above 150

25
Q

What is the upper limit in Autoregulation of BBF? What is it called?

A

150mmHg

ULA (upper limit Autoregulation)

26
Q

How does Autoregulation work?

A

Blood vessles constrict and dilate to adjust

27
Q

What could happen with unchecked over perfusion of BBF?

A

Blow up an aneurysm

28
Q

What happens to BBF when MAP increases?

A

Blood vessels constrict to limit perfusion

29
Q

What happens to BBF when MAP decreases?

A

Blood vessles dilate to increase perfusion

30
Q

Describe Chronic HTN and Autoregulation

A

The Autoregulation curve will shift (LLA and ULA will be adjusted)

But will need blood vessles that can squeeze harder than normal – arteriosclerosis.

Theses blood vessles wont dilate well if your BP drops to help perfuse your brain….

large area of ischemia

wont respons to rough conditions well

31
Q

What happens when theres no Autoregulation?

A

linear relationship between blood pressure and blood flow

32
Q

What happens when a drug interfers with Autoregulation?

A

The horizontal line becomes a slope.

The steeper the slope the more the drug affects Autoregulation

usually not a problem. but if its a very large slope then PROBLEM

33
Q

T/F: All drugs affect cerebral blood flow Autoregulation

A

T

34
Q

What is the V-G Ca++ channel on the presynapse called?

A

P-Type

35
Q

What does the P-Type channel do?

A

Allows Ca++ to flood into the motor neuron which stimulates Ach storage vessicles to move towards the NMJ for exocytosis

36
Q

What is VP-2?

A

Ach storage vessicle thats ready for exocytosis

37
Q

What is VP-1?

A

2nd set of Ach storage vessicles that are further up the motor neuron that aren’t quick ready for exocytosis

Not close enough to cell wall or not completely full yet

38
Q

How is the P-type channel activated?

A

Spreading of AP down the myelinated axon of a motor neuron by fast Na+ channels

39
Q

What does VP mean?

A

Vessicular Pool

40
Q

What removes the Ca++ from the presynapse?

A

Ca++ ATPase pump

41
Q

What is the difference between EPP and AP?

A

EPP = end plate potential

EPP is the initial stimulus

AP is the stimulus that follows d/t the EPP

42
Q

T/F: The amount of depolarization that we get with the EPP is always enough depolarization to open Fast Na channels.

A

T

43
Q

T/F: we have TONS of extra receptors & extra neurotransmitters

A

T

A/P (26 decks)

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