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Biology 107 > LECTURE 9 > Flashcards

LECTURE 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Metabolism in cell

A

Totality of chemical reactions in cell

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2
Q

Energy definition

A

Capacity for change, energy changes are associated with change in chemical structures and properties of molecules.

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3
Q

Two types of energy forms

A

1) kinetic energy

2) potential energy

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4
Q

Potential energy examples

A

Chemical energy, concentration gradients, electrical potential.

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5
Q

All reaction happen _____ in the …

A

Spontaneous in the direction that increase the entropy

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6
Q

Formula for change in free energy

A

Delta G = G final - G initial

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7
Q

If a reaction I’d spontaneous then G (free energy) is

A

Negative

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8
Q

If DELTA G is negative then some energy has been lost as

A

Entropy

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9
Q

In a closed system, the quantity of E

A

does not change, but the E can flow in different atoms

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10
Q

In every E transfer, some E is

A

Lost (as heat sometimes)

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11
Q

Free energy

A

Energy available to do work

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12
Q

In closed system, with multiple E transfers,

A

Free E (G) decreases and useful E increases

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13
Q

Entropy is always was ______ in the universe

A

Increasing

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14
Q

Entropy

A

A measure of disorder in the universe, and unuseful energy

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15
Q

Every E transfer makes the universe more

A

Disordered

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16
Q

Randomness in the universe ________ over time

A

Increases

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17
Q

When G < 0, then its

A

Exergonic

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18
Q

Exergonic

A

Proceeds with net release off free E and is spontaneous

19
Q

When G > 0 then its

A

Endergonic

20
Q

Endergonic

A

Absorbs free E from its surrounding tons and is NON-spontaneous

21
Q

How do cells increase order

A

Reactions are coupled

22
Q

If two systems change in a coupled fashion,

A

the net free E change of the combines systems determines f the reaction will proceed.

23
Q

What is considered the lowest grade of energy

A

Heat

24
Q

Heat increases the

A

Random, unordered movement of molecules

25
Q

Heat is difficult to store or harness to do work, so its only useful it its

A

Concentrated

26
Q

What increases in a chemical reaction ?

A

Entropy

27
Q

Systems tend to move towards an increase in

A

Entropy

28
Q

More order,

A

Lower entropy

29
Q

Less order

A

Higher entropy

30
Q

Order and entropy are

A

Inversed variables

31
Q

_______ in the universe is always increasing

A

Entropy

32
Q

E is required for ______in living things, but ______ still increases

A

Energy, entropy

33
Q

Systems with higher free energy have

A

Complex, organized, non-random and low entropy

34
Q

Systems with low free energy are

A

Disorganized, random, and high entropy (less E for work)

35
Q

Formula for calculating G (free energy)

A

G = H = TS

36
Q

Entropy symbol

A

S

37
Q

If free energy and enthalpy are both (-) and everything else (+), then

A
  • Energetically favourable
  • entropically favourable
  • spontaneous
38
Q

If temp and entropy (-) and energy thing else (+), then

A
  • energetically unfavourable
  • entropically unfavourable
  • NON-spontaneous
39
Q

Free energy being (+/-) when everything else positive, then

A
  • energetically unfavourable
  • entropically favourable
  • spontaneous at high T
40
Q

Free energy is (-/+), enthalpy, temp, entropy are both (-), then

A
  • energetically favourable
  • entropically favourable
  • spontaneous at low temp
41
Q

Enthalpy

A

Total potential energy in system

42
Q

Negative G =

A

Spontaneous reaction

43
Q

Spontaneous

A

Change that does not require a net increase in energy

Biology 107 (21 decks)

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