LECTURE 16

Question 1

Cytokinesis

Answer 1

The plotting of cytoplasm in a eukaryote

• begins in late anaphase and continues through telophase

Question 2

What’s forms at the membrane during cytokinesis

Answer 2

An actin-based contractile ring

• myosin motors use ATP to pull on the actin filaments to separate the cytoplasm.

Question 3

What is the position of the cleavage furrow determined by

Answer 3

Mitotic spindle

Question 4

In plant cells, nuclei seperate in mitosis, and then a ________forms during cytokinesis

Answer 4

Cell plate

Question 5

The cell plate develops into the

Answer 5

Cell wall that divides the two cells

Question 6

Cell cycle control

Answer 6

Regulating cell division in eukaryotes

Question 7

Which checkpoints in interphase are the most important

Answer 7

G1

Question 8

What are the 3 major checkpoints in interphase

Answer 8

1) G1/S checkpoint
2) G2/M checkpoint
3) mitotic (spindle assembly) checkpoint

Question 9

G1/S checkpoint

Answer 9

• is there a single to divide?

- checks for a growth factor and if there isn’t one it enters G0 phase

Question 10

G0 phase

Answer 10

A non dividing phase

Question 11

External singles

Answer 11

Signal to divide

Question 12

Internal signals

Answer 12

Large enough or enough nutrients

Question 13

G2/M checkpoint

Answer 13

• DNA replication complete?

- DNA free of errors?

Question 14

Mitotic (spindle assembly) checkpoint

Answer 14

Are all kinetochore s connected to the ends of microtubules; problems may occur.

Question 15

What type of problems may occur if kinetochores dont attach properly to microtubules

Answer 15

A) both kinetochore aren’t attached

B) one kinetochore isn’t attached

Question 16

What do impoper conditions in kitechore attachment prevent?

Answer 16

They prevent entry to anaphase; the cell will keep trying to make proper connections until both are connected.

Question 17

Specific proteins at the kinetochore sense if a microtubule is attached; if it is not, then a. Signal inactivated the

Answer 17

APC, this prevents destruction securin and prevents anaphase

Question 18

Why do cell device in serum and not plasma ?

Answer 18

It wasn’t due to the nutrients in serum, but something that had to do with blood clotting processes.

Question 19

Fibroblasts make

Answer 19

collagen and other ECM components like fibronectin. When a wound occurs, fibroblasts divide and secrete ECM components to the wound

Question 20

What is the protein that promotes cell division called

Answer 20

Platelet-derived growth factor

blood clotting requires platelets

Question 21

Mutations occur ________ at _____ rates

Answer 21

Spontaneously Slow

Question 22

Was the transformation permanent and/or heritable in Griffiths experiment

Answer 22

YES

Question 23

Transformation

Answer 23

Change in genotypes and phenotype due to assimilation of foreign DNA

Question 24

Viruses that infect bacteria are called

Answer 24

Bacteriophages

Question 25

Bacteriophages

Answer 25

• cannot replicate on their own
• can transform bacteria
• made of nuclei acid (DNA) and proteins.

Question 26

What to use to track the movement of DNA and protien after the virus infects the bacteria ?

Answer 26

Radioactive isotope

Question 27

Which isotope to use to trach movement of DNA and why?

Answer 27

Use P32 because its incorporated in DNA which is what is transferred