Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 107 > LECTURE 13 > Flashcards

LECTURE 13 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The Krebs sucked oxidized the remaining 2 carbons from pyruvate to 2

A

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Krebs cycles generates

A

1 GTP (or ATP) per cycle via substrate level phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The Krebs cycle reduces

A

3 NAD+ to 3 NADH and 1 FAD to 1 FADH2 per cycle

  • the reduced NADH and FADH2 shuttle their high potential E electrons to an electron transport chain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

FAD means

A

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Krebs cycle occurs in the

A

Matrix of the mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Steps (8) for Krebs cycle

A

1) acetyl groups of CoA combine with oxaloacetate, forming citrate
2) citrate is converted to its isomer, isocitrate
3) isocitrate is oxidized reducing NAD+ to NADH, releasing CO2
4) a-ketoglutarate is oxidized, Reducing NAD+ to NADH, releasing CO2
5) CoA is displaced by inorganic phosphate, which is then quickly transferred to GDP (guanosine diphosphate) to make GTP, via substrate level phosphorylation

6) 2 hydrogens are transferred from succinct entry to FAD, forming FADH2 (oxidizing succinctness to fumarate)
- enzyme = succinct energy dehydrogenase complex

7) H2O added to fumerate, and bonds are rearranged to create Malate

8) malate is oxidized, Reducing NAD+ to NADH
- this regenerates oxaloacetate and completes the cycle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

GTP

A

A form of energy currency but is more restricted in its uses then ATP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Succinylcholine CoA sythase can catalyze the formation of

A

either ATP or GTP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anabolic tissue make

A

GTP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A catabolic tissue make

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

One role for GTP in the cell is to provide energy to make

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Electron transport chain

A

Couples the E released form “falling” e- with the pumping p+

Most chains companies are multi-proteins complexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Complex 1

A

NADH dehydrogenase

FMN = flavin mononucleotide

Fe*S = iron-sulphur protein (has both iron and sulphur atoms bound)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Complex 2

A

Succinate dehydrogenase

This is the same enzyme that done step 6 in Krebs cycle

  • succinate —-> fumarate
    • FAD —-> FADH2 (e- added directly to the electron transport chain during the rxn)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Complex 3

A

Cytochrome bc1 complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Complex 4

A

Cytochrome C oxidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Q = ubiquinone (coenzyme Q)

A

Small hydrophobic (non protein); similar to plastoquinone. Can move around within the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cytochrome C

A
  • Mobile
  • hydrophilic (soluble)
  • all cytochromes are proteins that have special heme molecules that accept and donates e-
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

NADH and FADH2 each

A

donates pair of e- near the top of the electron transport chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Carriers in the chain alternate

A

reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate e- ( the source of e- in glucose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The chain components are orders in

A

increasing strength of electron acceptors (oxidizing agents)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The strong oxidizing agent __ is the terminal electron acceptor of cellular respiration

A

O2

23
Q

Each electron carrier donates

A

2 e-

24
Q

NADH enters with______ level of free energy and FADH2 enters with ______ free energy

A

High and less

25
Q

NADH results in

A

10 H+ pumped

26
Q

FADH2 results in

A

6H+ pumped

27
Q

The electron transport chain is embedded in the

A

Inner membrane

28
Q

The folds in the inner membrane

A

increase surface area, allowing room for more electron transport chains per mitochondria

29
Q

4 P+ flowing through ATP synthase will generate

A

1 ATP

30
Q

1 NADH generates

A

2.5 ATP

31
Q

1 FADH2 generates

A

1.5 ATP

32
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)

A

The processes of oxidizing substrates and transferring e- through the electron transport chain to create H+ gradient for ATP synthase to make ATP

33
Q

What’s the main difference in the formation of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis is

A

The direction of P+ flow

34
Q

In photosynthesis, P+ flow through

A

ATP synthase OUT of the innermost compartment (thylakoid space)

  • E for H+ gradient comes from light
35
Q

In cellular respiration, the P+ flow through

A

ATP synthase INTO the innermost compartment (matrix)

  • E for H+ gradient comes from oxidation of organic molecules (glucose) (oxidative phosphorylation)
36
Q

What produced in glycolysis when:

ATP formed by substrate level phosphorylation

A

2 ATP (net)

37
Q

What produced in glycolysis when:

Rescued electron carriers formed

A

2 NADH (cytosolic)

38
Q

What produced in glycolysis when:

ATP form OXPHOS using reduced electron carriers

A

3-5 ATP

39
Q

What produced in pyruvate—> acetyl=CoA +CO2 when:

ATP formed by substrate level phosphorylation

A

0

40
Q

What produced in pyruvate—> acetyl=CoA +CO2 when:

Reduced electron carriers formed

A

2 NADH

41
Q

What produced in pyruvate—> acetyl=CoA +CO2 when:

ATP form OXPHOS using reduced elector carriers

A

5 ATP

42
Q

What produced in Krebs cycle when:

ATP formed by substrate level phosphorylation

A

2 GTP

43
Q

What produced in Krebs cycle when:

Reduced electron carrier formed

A

6 NADH

6 FADH2

44
Q

What produced in Krebs cycle when:

ATP form OXPHOS using reduced electron carriers

A

15 ATP

3 ATP

45
Q

Total ATP formed

A

28-30 ATP

+ 2 GTP

46
Q

ATP formed is approximate, this is baciease

A

NADH formed during glycolysis cant pass through the mitochondrial inner membrane. But e- can be shuttled across

47
Q

If the e- are transported to mitochondrial

A

FADH2 instead of NADH, the 1.5 (instead of 2.5 ATP) will be made via OXPHOS per transfer

48
Q

Inhibitors of cellular respiration

A

Cyanide and dinitrophenol (DNP)

49
Q

Cyanide cyanide ions act as an

A

irreversible enzyme inhibitor, binding to the iron atoms of cytochrome C oxidase complex (complex 4)

50
Q

What does cyanide not have

A
  • no electron transport
  • No H+ pumping
  • no ATP synthesis
51
Q

Dinitrophenol (DNP)

A

Makes mitochondrial inner membrane more permeable to H+

52
Q

DNP had no H+ gradient which forms:

A
  • no flow back through ATP synthase
  • no ATP made
  • electron transport continues
  • energy dissipates as heat
53
Q

DNP uncouples

A

Electron transport and formation of H+ gradient

Called an uncoupled

Biology 107 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions