LECTURE 3 Flashcards
Structural polysaccharides
1) cellulose
2) chitin
Cellulose
- Polymer of glucose
- covalent 1-4 linkages involve BETA from of glucose.
- Forms straight polymers.
- Never branch
- very strong sue to hydrogen bonding
Chitin
Structural polysaccharide used by bugs (exoskeleton)
- contains N-acetylglucosamine (derivative of glucose)
- acetyl amine group instead of OH, increases hydrogen bonding, increasing strength.
Lipids
- hydrophobic
- consists of mostly hydrocarbons which are non polar.
- fats,phospholipids, steroids
Fats
Not polymers, but they are built from monomers that are added by dehydration reactions.
In a fat, three _______ ____ are joined to ________ by an _______ linkage
Fatty acids, glycerol, Ester
Fatty acids vary in
length and in number and location of bonds
Saturated fatty acids
Don’t have double bonds, making it have only H and C = saturated fat.
- solid @ room temp
Unsaturated fatty acids
One or more double bonds, cis double bonds causes blending, fats cannot pack too closely
- cannot solidity @ room temp (liquid)
Saturated fats may contribute to
Cardiovascular disease
Trans fats
- unsaturated fats
- plant oils => partially hydrogenated => many double bonds are saturated by adding H => makes plant oils solid @ room temp.
The process of making trans fats also creates
A lot of trans fats as a by-product.
- cis double bonds in plant oils become rearranged rather then saturated.
Phospholipids
Two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to glycerol.
- phosphate group = hydrophilic
- two fatty acid tails = hydrophobic
Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules
Amphipathic molecule (phospholipids)
Having both a hydrophilic polar end and a hydrophobic non-polar end
What happens to phospholipids when added to weather and why
They rearrange into various structure because of their amphipathic nature
