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Bacteria > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are Corynebacterium & Rhodococcus normally found?

A

Normal component of the microbiota -skin, mucous membranes, intestinal tract

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2
Q

How does Corynebacterium & Rhodococcus do in the envr?

A

Found to survive up to 55 days in the envr

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3
Q

What is the biocontainment level for Corynebacterium & Rhodococcus?

A

2

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4
Q

Are Corynebacterium & Rhodococcus gram positive or negative?

A

Positive

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5
Q

Describe the metabolism of Corynebacterium & Rhodococcus

A

Aerobic & facultative anaerobes

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6
Q

What are the virulence factors for Corynebacterium renale?

A

Pilli (attachment)

Urease (production of ammonia)

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7
Q

What are the virulence factors for Corynebacterium cystitidis?

A

Pilli (attachment)

Urease (production of ammonia)

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8
Q

What are the virulence factors for Corynebacterium pilosum?

A

Pilli (attachment)

Urease (production of ammonia)

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9
Q

What is the virulence factor for Corynebacterium pseudo tuberculosis?

A

Phospholipase D -inhibition of neutrophils & inactivation of complement
Vasodilatory factors –> enables it to go through lymphatic sys to reach lymph nodes & replicate

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10
Q

What is the virulence factor for Rhodococcus equi?

A

VapA PRO - interferes with phagolysosome formation

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11
Q

What is the virulence factor for Corynebacterium diphtheria?

A

Diphtheria toxin - cytotoxin acting by inhibiting PRO syn

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12
Q

What disease does Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis cause?

A

Caseous lymphadenitis in sheep & goats

Presence of pyogranulomatous abscesses of the lymph nodes & internal organs

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13
Q

What is the prognosis of caseous lymphadenitis?

A

Highly contagious & persists in the envr –> once in the herd, it is difficult to eradicate

A/bs don’t penetrate well into highly encapsulated abscesses

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14
Q

What disease does Corynebacterium renale cause in cattle?

A

Infections in the urinary tract (cystitis) & Pyelonephritis (infection of kidney)

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15
Q

What is the prognosis of Corynebacterium renale in cattle?

A

Difficult to eradicate from infected herds

Tx success decres with disease progression

More difficult to eradicate from kidney

Px worsens with increasing renal damage

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16
Q

How is Corynebacterium renale spread in cattle?

A

Maintained in herd by subclinical carriers & diseases animals

Transmission from animal to animal occurs by urine splashing onto the vulva of a susceptible cow

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17
Q

How do you tx Corynebacterium renale infections?

A

Penicillin (goes through to the urine)

18
Q

What disease does Corynebacterium renale cause in sheep?

A

Balanoposthitis (pizzle rot) - inflammation of the penis & prepuce

19
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Balanoposthitis?

A

Diets too high in PRO increase urea [ ] in urine

Urea is converted into ammonia by the organism

Ammonia irritates the penis

Inflammation & ulceration occurs

Bacteria enter compromised tissues & cause infection

Scarring of the prepuce prevents penile extrusion & therefore, effects breeding

20
Q

How do you tx Balanoposthitis?

A

Combo of a/bs (definitely use penicillin)

Remove dead tissue & excess wool

Do not breed ram before healed, possible transmission

21
Q

What disease does Corynebacterium auriscanis cause?

A

Skin infections in dogs & cats but uk if it is an opportunistic pathogen or pathogen in the wound itself

22
Q

How do you tx Corynebacterium auriscanis infections in dogs & cats?

A

Tx may be challenging, need drugs to target all pathogens present

23
Q

What disease does Corynebacterium urealyticum cause?

A

Rare cause of UTIs in dogs & cats

24
Q

What does Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause in humans?

A

This is reported in animals, but more common in humans

Characteristic formation of diptheritic pseudo membrane over pharynx

25
Q

What disease does Rhodococcus equi cause in horses?

A

Severe bronchopneumonia in young foals & abscessation in older horses

26
Q

What are the symptoms of Rhodococcus equi infection in foals?

A

Typically present with pneumonia first

See wt loss, diarrhea & colic

In 50% of foals with pneumonia, there is enteric disease
See multi-focal ulcerative enterocolitis & typhlitis

27
Q

How do horses get Rhodococcus equi infections?

A

Organism is acquired from the envr

Found in soils, particularly those contaminated with horse feces

Only strains containing VapA are virulent in horses, become infected by inhaling the strain

28
Q

What is the prognosis of Rhodococcus equi in horses?

A

Fair in foals with chronic disease

Poor in foals with acute disease

29
Q

What is the tx for Rhodococcus equi in horses?

A

A/bs

Rifampin+ macrolide type drug

Envr clean - manure, avoid overcrowding, reduce dust, provide ventilation

30
Q

What disease does Rhodococcus equi cause in cats?

A

Rarely reported but increase

Most often cause cutaneous infections in immunocompromised animals

Lesions are characterized as pyogranulomatous inflammation (typically not painful)

Abscesses & lesions on parenchymal organs also reported

31
Q

What is the tx for Rhodococcus equi in cats?

A

Surgical drainage of abscesses & a/bs

32
Q

How do you collect C. pseudotuberculosis samples?

A

pus or exudates

33
Q

How do you collect C. renale grp samples?

A

Mid-stream urine

34
Q

How do you collect R. equi samples?

A

Trans-tracheal wash

35
Q

How should the samples be handled for Corynebacterium & Rhodococcus app be handled?

A

Send swabs with transport media

Do not freeze

36
Q

Is Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis zoonotic?

A

Yes, can cause abscesses in humans (contamination during shearing)

37
Q

Is Corynebacterium renale zoonotic?

A

Yes, but low risk to humans

38
Q

Is Corynebacterium ulcerans zoonotic?

A

Yes, cutaneous diphtheria in people also isolated from animals

39
Q

Is Rhodococcus equi zoonotic?

A

Rare, primarily in immunocompromised patients

40
Q

What a/b is Corynebacterium app resistant to?

A

Fosfomycin

41
Q

How should you tx Rhodococcus generally?

A

MLSBK + rifampin (consider rifampin toxicity in small animals)

Bacteria (16 decks)

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