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Bacteria > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the biocontainment level for staphylococcus?

A

2

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2
Q

Is Staphylococcus gram positive or negative?

A

Positive

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3
Q

Describe the metabolism of staphylococcus

A

Aerobic or facultative anaerobes

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4
Q

Where is staphylococcus found?

A

Normal component of the microbiota

Found in: skin, mucous membranes, pharynx & the intestinal tract

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5
Q

What are the key virulence factors of staphylococcus? (4)

A

Toxic shock syndrome - non-specifically stimulate T cells which release high amounts of cytokines creating clinical symptoms

Enterotoxins - what is found in food poisoning

Exfoliatins - cause skin damage

Various leucocidins - destroy leukocytes

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6
Q

What disease does Staphylococcus aureus cause in bovine?

A

bovine mastitis

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7
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus

A

Udder is the main reservoir where it adheres and invades epithelial cells

Can form small colony variants - 1/10 the size of staph aureus enabling them to persist in cells

Can also form L-forms - no to little cell wall

Disease can be peracute (clinical disease) or subclinical (only see decres milk production)

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8
Q

Why is it so important to dx chronic subclinical mastitis?

A

Decres milk production –> economic loss

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9
Q

How do you tx bovine mastitis?

A

Improve hygiene - disinfect equipment & avoid milking affected quarter

Intra-mammary a/bs - be aware of methicillin resistance (beta-lactams won’t work)

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10
Q

What disease does Staphylococcus aureus cause in poultry?

A

Infection of a wide variety of sites - bones, tendons, sheaths & joints

Assoc with green-liver osteomyelitis complex, thought to be an immunosuppressive opportunistic infection

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus infection in poultry?

A

Surviving birds often have swollen joints

Reluctant to stand

May have gangrenous dermatitis of the feet (bumble foot)

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12
Q

Is there a concern for flock mortality in poultry with Staphylococcus aureus infections?

A

No, morbidity & mortality are usually low

Affects indivs rather than flocks

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13
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus in poultry?

A

Not well defined

Opportunistic when host defences are compromised

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14
Q

What is the tx for staphylococcus aureus infections in poultry?

A

Good management practices to reduce stress & injury - remove sharp objects, having good quality litter, control of other diseases

Can vaccinate but not effective

Tx should be based on test results

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15
Q

What species is staphylococcus aureus found in?

A

Bovine

Poultry

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16
Q

What disease does Staphylococcus pseudintermedius cause in dogs?

A

Very commonly assoc with dogs (~90%)

When it does cause disease it causes a wide range or opportunistic infections 
       2nd most common cause of UTIs
       Sx site infections 
       Orthopedic implants 
       Necrotizing fasciitis
       Nosocomial infections
17
Q

What organism is the mostly commonly found on the skin & ears of dogs?

A

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

18
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs?

A

Opportunistic infection secondary to underlying disease (atopic dermatitis, food allergy, endocrine disease)

19
Q

What is the tx for Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs?

A

Need to address the primary issue

Determine site of infection
Superficial or deep pyoderma (deep in the dermis)
Inner vs outer ear infection

20
Q

What disease does Staphylococcus hyicus cause in pigs?

A

Greasy Pig Disease

21
Q

What are the symptoms of Greasy Pig Disease?

A

Exudative epidermitis

Acute or peracute

Sporadic occurrence

Seen in suckling & newly weaned piglets

Clinical disease seen following damage to skin seen when mixing litters, following fighting, unclipped teeth, rough bedding

22
Q

What is the tx for Greasy Pig Disease?

A

Early tx with a/bs if caught early otherwise will die

High mortality rate, up to 70%

23
Q

What disease does Staphylococcus chromogens cause?

A

Subclinical mastitis in bovine, ovine & caprine

24
Q

What disease does Macrococcus caseolyticus cause?

A

Associated with skin & soft tissue infections in dogs

25
Q

What disease does Macroccus canis cause?

A

Associated with skin & soft tissue infections in dogs

26
Q

How do you collect a sample for Bovine Mastitis?

A

Collect milk sample immediately after milking (clean outside of teat before collecting)

Can also collect from bulk milk tank

27
Q

How do you collect samples for dermatitis/surface?

A

Swabs

Pus

Exudates

28
Q

How do you collect a sample for UTIs?

A

cysto is best (can also collect free catch)

29
Q

How do you collect samples in poultry?

A

Yolk sacs

Joints

Stab swabs of internal organs

30
Q

How do you handle Staphylococcus samples?

A

Pretty tough, no special transport required

DO NOT FREEZE (except milk samples)

31
Q

How is Staphylococcus aureus identified in the lab?

A

Biochemically

32
Q

How is Staphylococcus pseudointermedius identified in the lab?

A

Biochemically

33
Q

How is Staphylococcus hyicus identified in the lab?

A

Biochemically

34
Q

What test is run for all Staphylococcus samples?

A

Susceptibility testing

35
Q

Is Staphylococcus zoonotic?

A

Has a very broad host range

Human Staphylococcus pseudointermedius infections are pretty rare

36
Q

What drugs should we avoid using when treating Staphylococcus infections?

A

Polymyxins & Beta-lactams

Bacteria (16 decks)

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