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Bacteria > Lecture 16 > Flashcards

Lecture 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the appearance of Enterobacteriaceae (4)

A

Gram negative

Short rods

Grey (on blood agar)

Range from small round colonies to colonies swarming the plate

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2
Q

What is the biocontainment level for Yersinia pestis?

A

3

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3
Q

How do we divide Enterobacteriaceae?

A

Based on their ability to ferment lactose

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4
Q

Describe the appearance of Escherichia coli on an agar plate (3)

A

Diverse colony morphology

Irregular smooth grey colonies

Non-Hemolytic & beta hemolytic colonie

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5
Q

Describe the metabolism of Escherichia coli. What type of agar is used to display this? And what does it look like?

A

Lactose fermenter

MacConkey agar

Pink colouration = acid production

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6
Q

Describe the appearance of Klebsiella pneumoniae on blood agar (4)

A

Mucoid

Smooth

Glistens

Rounded margins

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7
Q

Describe the appearance of Proteus mirabilis on blood agar

A

Swarms the entire plate

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8
Q

Where are Enterobacteriaceae found? (4)

A

Wide distribution

Envr

Intestinal tract

Resp tract

Some organisms have specialized niches & some are generalists

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9
Q

What agar indicates the organism is a lactose fermenter? & what does it look like when it is positive? (2)

A

Eosin methylene blue - black colonies

XLT4 - H2S produces black colonies

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10
Q

Is E. coli positive or negative for the following tests:

  1. Indole test
  2. Citrate test
  3. Urease test
A
  3. -
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11
Q

Is K. pneumoniae positive or negative for the following tests:

  1. Citrate test
  2. Urease test
A
  1. +

2. +

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12
Q

How does the gelatinous test work?

A

If proteolytic enzymes are present then they convert the gel media into liquid media (gel = positive)

If it remains gelatinous then it is negative

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13
Q

How is E. coli classified?

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) - cause intestinal disease

Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) - cause extra-intestinal disease

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14
Q

What disease does enterotoxigenic E. coli cause in ruminants & pigs?

A

Neonatal colibacillosis

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15
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of neonatal colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli

A

Related to presence of receptors for bacterial fimbriae in the intestine

Expression of receptors is age related

Bacteria adhere closely to enterocytes

Colonize enterocytes

Bacteria disrupt the brush border & mucosal erosions occur

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16
Q

What toxins do enterotoxigenic E. coli produce? (2)

A

LT - increase cAMP = increase fluid & electrolyte excretion (heat labile toxin)

ST - interferes with enteric NS (heat stable toxin)

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17
Q

What is the virulence factor for enterotoxigenic E. coli?

A

eae (enterocyte attaching & efficacy) - encodes intimin (binding PRO) which allows the bacteria to attach to the enterocytes

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18
Q

Does disease does enterotoxigenic E. coli mimics dogs?

A

Parvo

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19
Q

What spp is susceptible to enterohaemorrhagic E.coli?

A

humans

20
Q

What toxin does enterohaemorrhagic E. coli produce? (2) What is its function? What symptoms? (2)

A

Shiga toxin - integer with PRO syn causing edema & hemorrhage

May also possess eae

21
Q

What are the virulence factors of septicaemia E. coli? (5)

A

Fimbriae - adherence & possibly avoidance of phagocytosis

Capsule - prevent phagocytosis

Aerobactin - iron scavenging

Endotoxin - component of gram negative cell wall

Colicin V - serum resistance (interferes with complement)

22
Q

What disease does uropathogenic E. coli cause in dogs & people?

A

UTIs

Opportunistic infection ascending from the urethra

23
Q

What are the virulence factors for uropathogenic E. coli? (4)

A

Fimbriae - P fimbriae protect against phagocytosis

Flagella - swim from bladder to kidneys

Siderophores - acquisition of iron

Alpha hemolysin - pore-forming cytotoxin

24
Q

How is piglet diarrhea from E.coli categorized?

A

Neonatal diarrhea

Young piglet diarrhea (until weaning)

Post-weaning diarrhea

25
Q

How do you tx diarrhea in piglets from E. coli? (3)

A

a/bs

fluid therapy

Keeping them warm

26
Q

How do you prevent piglets from getting diarrhea from E. coli?

A

Keep barn clean to prevent build up of E. coli

Keep piglets warm & dry

27
Q

What disease does E. coli cause in cattle?

A

Coliform Mastitis

28
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of coliform mastitis in cattle

A

E. coli is shed in feces & enters the teat from the envr

Multiply in teat

Endotoxin is released from dead cells

Leads to cytokine invasion & systemic inflammation

30-40% of cows become bacteremic

29
Q

How do you tx coliform mastitis in cows from E. coli?

A

Systemic & intramammary a/bs

30
Q

How do you prevent coliform mastitis in cows from E. coli?

A

Remove organic begging materials that support E. coli growth

31
Q

What disease does avian E. coli cause in poultry?

A

colibacillosis

32
Q

What are the symptoms of colibacillosis in poultry? (4)

A

Omphalitis - yolk sac infection

Colisepticemia

Swollen head syndrome

Air sacculitis - resp infection

33
Q

How do chickens get colibacillosis?

A

E. coli present in the envr from either feces or exploiting eggs travel through the egg via the pores

34
Q

How does colibacillosis present in poultry? (4)

A

Dead embryos

Swelling & edema of navel

Distended abdomen

Mushy chicks - body wall overlying the yolk sac degenerates

35
Q

How do you tx colibacillosis in poultry?

A

a/bs - highly debatable due to high resistance in poultry barns

36
Q

How do you manage colibacillosis in poultry? (4)

A

Keep barn clean - descried floor eggs & eggs which have exploded

Disinfect eggs within 2 hours of laying

Good quality diets

Poss vacc

37
Q

How do we classify UTIs in dogs due to E. coli? (2)

A

Simple/uncomplicated - 1st time, no underlying abnormality

Complicated - repeat infection, assoc with underlying condition (ex: atopic ureters, bladder carcinomas etc.)

38
Q

What pop of dogs do we most commonly see UTIs due to E. coli?

A

Spayed females

39
Q

How do you tx UTIs in dogs? (3)

A

A/bs based on culutre & susceptibility testing

A/b depends on wether it is an upper or lower infection

Address underlying disease

40
Q

What samples do you collect to test for E. coli for patients with diarrhea? (2)

A

Feces

Colonic tissue for history

41
Q

What samples do you collect to test for E. coli for patients with mastitis?

A

Milk

42
Q

What samples do you collect to test for E. coli for chickens with omphalitis? (2)

A

Inner viscera from dead chicks

43
Q

What samples do you collect to test for E. coli for dogs with UTIs? (2)

A

urine (cysto preferred)

44
Q

Does E. coli pose a zoonotic risk?

A

Yes, food borne transmission possible to transmit enterohemorrhagic E. coli

Poss source of a/b resistance

Animal –> human –> animal –> human transmission (not as well understood as food borne illness)

45
Q

How can people prevent getting E. coli?

A

Wash hands

Protective equipment

46
Q

What a/bs are all Enterobacteriaceae intrinsically resistant to? (6)

A

Benzylpenicillin

Glycopeptides

Fusidic acid

Macrolide

Lincosamides

Rifampin

47
Q

How do you tx E. coli?

A

Susceptibility testing - they are resistant to a lot of things is we need to find out what

Bacteria (16 decks)

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