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Bacteria > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the mechanisms of action of a/bs? (3)

A

Cell wall - beta-lactams & glycopeptides

PRO syn - tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides & more

DNA metabolism - Fluoroquinolones, metronidazole, folate syn inhibitors

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2
Q

Min inhibitory [ ] (MIC)

A

Min [ ] of an a/b that will inhibit the growth of an organism

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3
Q

Min bactericidal [ ] (MBC)

A

Min [ ] of an a/b that will kill an organism

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4
Q

Bacteriostatic is MBC ___ 4X MIC

A

MBC > 4X MIC

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5
Q

Bactericidal is MBC ___ 4X MIC

A

MBC 4X MIC

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6
Q

What pharmacodynamic properties of a drug effect your dosing regime?

A

[ ] & time dependent

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7
Q

Why is the [ ] of a drug important when deciding on tx regime?

A

B/c the activity of the antimicrobial relies on how far you are able to exceed the MIC at the site of the infection

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8
Q

Why is the time of a drug important when deciding on tx regime?

A

Activity of the a/b relies on how long you are able to maintain drug [ ]s above the MIC at the site of infection

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9
Q

Describe the mechanism of beta-lactams

A

Inhibit cell wall syn by binding to penicillin binding PROS (transpeptidases & carboxypeptidases) & prevent the final stage of peptidoglycan syn

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10
Q

Are beta-lactams bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

bacteriocidal

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11
Q

What a/bs are beta-lactams?

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
beta-lactamase inhibitors

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action for tetracyclines?

A

PRO syn inhibitors by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit

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13
Q

Are tetracyclines bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bacteriostatic

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14
Q

What a/bs are tetracyclines?

A

Oxytetracycline
Doxycycline
Minocycline

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action for fluoroquinolones?

A

Inhibit DNA syn by biting to topoisomerase (DNA supercoiling enzyme)

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16
Q

Are fluoroquinolones bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bactericidal

17
Q

What a/bs are fluoroquinolines?

A

Naladixic acid - limited spectrum
Ciprofloxacin/enrofloxacin - broad spectrum
Moxifloxacin/levofloxacin - extended spectrum

18
Q

What is the mechanism of action for aminoglycosides?

A

PRO syn inhibitors

19
Q

Are aminoglycosides bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

bactericidal

20
Q

MLSbK mechanism of action?

A

PRO syn inhibitors by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit

21
Q

Are MLSbK bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bacteriostatic

22
Q

What a/bs are MLSbK? (5)

A 
Macrolides
Lincosamides
Streptogramins
Ketolides
Azalides
23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Chloramphenicol?

A

PRO syn inhibitor

24
Q

Are Chloramphenicol a/bs bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bacteriostatic

25
Q

What a/bs are banned in food animals?

A

Chloramphenicol

Metronidazole - carcinogenic

26
Q

What is the mechanism of action of metronidazole?

A

Damage DNA & interfere with repair mechanisms

27
Q

Is metronidazole bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bacteriocidal

28
Q

What type of organisms does metronidazole target?

A

Anaerobic bacteria

Gram positive & negative bacteria

29
Q

What organisms does chloramphenicol target?

A

broad spectrum

gram negatives & positives

30
Q

What organisms do aminoglycosides target?

A

Staphylococcus

31
Q

What organisms do Tetracyclines target?

A

Broad spectrum

gram positives & negatives

32
Q

What is the mechanism of action for folate syn inhibitors?

A

Inhibit folic acid syn by competitively binding to the PABA portion of the folate molecule

33
Q

Are folate syn inhibitors bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bacteriostatic

34
Q

What organisms do folate syn inhibitors target?

A

Broad spectrum

Gram positives & negatives

Protozoans & Toxoplasma

35
Q

When do we use anti-gram positives?

A

last resort

36
Q

What a/bs are anti-gram positives? (4)

A

Glycopeptides

Lipoglycocpeptides

Ozaxolidonones

Peptide a/bs

Bacteria (16 decks)

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