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Bacteria > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What biocontainment level does Streptococcus enterococcus have?

A

2

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2
Q

Is Streptococcus enterococcus gram negative or positive?

A

Postivie

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3
Q

Describe the metabolism of Streptococcus enterococcus

A

Aerobic or facultative anaerobe

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4
Q

Where is Streptococcus enterococcus found?

A

Normal microbiota component - resp, mucous membranes & intestinal tract

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5
Q

What are the virulence factors of Streptococcus enterococcus ? (5)

A

Exotoxins

Phage mediated superantigen

Capsule - prevents phagocytosis

Hemolysins - cytotoxic to eukaryotic cells

CAMP factor - pore forming toxin

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6
Q

What is the virulence factor of Streptococcus pyrogenes?

A

Exotoxins

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7
Q

What is the virulence factor of Streptococcus canis?

A

Phage mediated superantigen

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8
Q

What disease does Streptococcus agalactiae cause in bovine?

A

Contagious Bovine Mastitis

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9
Q

What is the cause of disease of contagious bovine mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae?

A

Infected cows are source of infection

Breakdown of biosecurity - teat hygiene, cleaning milk equipment, hand washing

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10
Q

How do you tx contagious bovine mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae?

A

Intra-mammary a/bs

Biosecurity management - teat hygiene, clean milk equipment, hand washing

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of contagious bovine mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae?

A

Mainly subclinical

Will see decres milk production

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12
Q

What disease does Streptococcus dysgalactiae cause?

A

Envr Bovine Mastitis

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13
Q

What is the cause of disease of Streptococcus dysgalactiae?

A

Contamination of the teats from the envr via bedding in combo with some physical damage (machine, insect bite wound etc.) to the teat allowing infection to occur

Management issue of bedding & envr

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of Streptococcus dysgalactiae infection causing envr bovine mastitis?

A

Subclinical

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15
Q

How do you treat envr bovine mastitis caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae?

A

Management improvements - improve cleanliness, bedding & access to shelter

Dry cow treatment

Teat sealer (prevent access of bacteria into teat)

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16
Q

What disease does Streptococcus equipment subsp equipment cause?

A

Horse strangles

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17
Q

What symptoms are seen with horse strangles?

A

Abscessation of submandibular & retropharyngeal lymph nodes

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18
Q

How is horse strangles caused?

A

Contact with nasal secretions or discharges form ruptured lymph nodes or contact with contaminated fomites

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19
Q

What is the prognosis of horse strangles?

A

Highly contagious

Long term sequelae is possible:
Can get metastatic abscesses (bacteria get into blood & spread)
Purpura hemorrhagica - vasculitis secondary to deposition of immune-complexes

75% of horses have enduring immunity

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20
Q

How do you tx horse strangles?

A

Penicillin

21
Q

How do you prevent horse strangles?

A

Isolation is key

Vaccines are available

22
Q

What type of hypersensitivity rxn best describes purport hemorrhagica?

A

Type 3 - immune complex deposition

23
Q

What spp does Streptococcus canis infect?

A

Dogs & cats

24
Q

What are the symptoms of Streptococcus canis in cats?

A

Seen in kittens

Skin & soft tissue infections, abscesses

Resp infections

25
Q

What is the tx for Streptococcus canis infections?

A

Penicillin

Phage superantigens which are expressed following exposure to flurorquinolones cause necrotizing fasciitis & toxic shock syndrome

26
Q

Describe how the Streptococcus canis super antigen rxn occurs

A

A phage will introduce its DNA into Streptococcus canis

When exposed to fluroroquinolones the SOS response is triggered, the response that bacteria have to when their DNA is being damaged

An antigen is expressed which stimulates T cells

Results in cytokine release

Leads to hypotension/shock

27
Q

What disease does Streptococcus suis cause?

A 
Causes the following in pigs: 
      Meningitis 
      Arthritis 
      Septicemia 
      Sudden death
28
Q

What is the prognosis for Streptococcus suis in pigs?

A

High case fatality rate

Early tx may be effective

29
Q

What is the cause of infection of Streptococcus suis in pigs?

A

Assoc with moving pigs, over crowding & poor ventilation

Piglets acquire organism at farrowing from the sow & envr

30
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Streptococcus suis?

A

Piglets acquire the organism from their mother at farrowing & the envr

The organism enters the body through the tonsils

Reaches submandibular lymph nodes

Once it reaches the bloodstream, it will cause septicemia

(most commonly seen in piglets but it can effect any age of pig)

31
Q

Is Streptococcus suis zoonotic?

A

yes, those with high exposure to animals

Usually enters through cuts & scratches

32
Q

What disease enterococcus cause in chickens?

A

Cause of mortality in chicks

Acute - septicemia (depression, ruffled feathers)

Subacute-chronic - depression, loss of condition, pyrexia

33
Q

What is the cause of death of chicks due to Streptococcus?

A

Death is assoc with fecal contamination of eggs

34
Q

How do you prevent Streptococcus in chickens?

A

Management strategies - present stress, disease, clean & disinfect

35
Q

How do you tx Streptococcus in chickens?

A

Can tx with a/bs if caught early

Must be based on susceptibility test results, can cause a lot of intrinsic resistance

36
Q

What disease does Enterococcus cause in dogs & cats?

A

Similar opportunistic disease to people, assoc with nosocomial infection (hospital acquired infections)

Systemic infections - bacteremia & endocarditis
Localized infections - abdominal cavity, genitourinary tract, soft tissue, respiratory tract

37
Q

What disease does Enterococcus hire cause?

A

GIT infections in dogs & cats

38
Q

How do you tx enterococcus in dogs & cats?

A

Resistance will greatly effect selection of tx

Need to know the spp

39
Q

How do you collect samples for mastitis?

A

Milk sample

40
Q

How do you collect samples for dermatitis/surface infections?

A

Swabs, pus, exudates

41
Q

How do you collect samples for sepsis/death?

A

Whole animal

Culture of brain for Streptococcus suis meningitis

42
Q

How do you collect samples for resp infections?

A

trans tracheal wash fluid

43
Q

How do you handle streptococcus samples?

A

Generally pretty tough

Swabs should be sent with transport media

DO NOT FREEZE

44
Q

How is Streptococcus identified in lab?

A

Commercial biochemical test panels

MALDI-TOF & NAAT + DNA sequencing

45
Q

Is Streptococcus equipment subsp zooepidemicus zoonotic?

A

Transmission b/w dogs & horses by ingesting unpasteurized milk

46
Q

Is Streptococcus canis zoonotic?

47
Q

What tx do we need to avoid with Streptococcus canis?

A

Fluoroquinolone

48
Q

What a/b is streptococcus resistant to?

A

cephalosporins

49
Q

What a/b is best to tx Streptococcus?

A

Beta-lactam

Bacteria (16 decks)

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