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Bacteria > Lecture 18 > Flashcards

Lecture 18 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the biocontainment level for Burkholderia mallei?

A

3

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2
Q

What is the biocontainment level for Burkholderia pseudomallei?

A

3

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3
Q

Describe the appearance of pseudomonas & non-fermenters

A

gram negative rods to cocci-bacillus

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4
Q

What is Pseudomonas & Stenotrophomonas famous for?

A

Difficult to tx opportunistic infections due to intrinsic drug resistance

& pseudomonas is famous for production of alginate biofilm

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5
Q

What is Pseudomonas aeruginosa famous for?

A

Green colouration

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6
Q

What is the appearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on blood agar? (2)

A

Metallic sheen

Characteristic smell - fruity or wet tortilla chips

Darker colonies

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7
Q

What is the appearance of Stenotrophomonas maltophila?

A

Foul smelling ammonia like odour

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8
Q

What is the appearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on microscopy?

A

Medium-large gram negative rods

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9
Q

Where is Burkholderia mallei located?

A

host adapted to equids (doesn’t survive outside the host)

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10
Q

Where is Burkholderia pseudomallei located?

A

Water & soil of equatorial regions

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11
Q

What are the virulence factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa? (4)

A

Elastase - damage to blood vessels & lung tissues, disrupts neutrophil function

Siderophores - ion scavenging giving a characteristic colour

Type III secretion sys - secretion of effector molecules to damage shot tissues or other bacteria

Alginate biofilm - slimy matrix produced by some strains prevents phagocytosis (decrees efficacy of a/b)

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12
Q

Describe the oxidase test

A

Take a stick & get a colony

Smear colony onto a square of the test

If it is positive it will turn purple in 10-15 secs & if it is neg no colour change

Positive for presence of cytochrome c (component of electron transport chain found in aerobic bacteria)

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13
Q

What diseases does pseudomonas aeruginosa cause? (4)

A

Pneumonia in farmed milk

Sepsis in poultry

Mastitis in ruminants

Otitis externa in dogs - opportunistic infection

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14
Q

Describe the otitis externa presentation in dogs & horses from pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Melting ulcers due to proteolytic enzymes

Sloughing of cornea

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15
Q

How do Pseudomonas fluorescens infections in fish present?

A

Septicemia of high intensity in aquaculture operations

Fish are lethargic & may have cutaneous lesions

More common in waters with organic pollutants

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16
Q

Why is tx for Pseudomonas fluorescens in fish challenging?

A

Intrinsic resistance

Since the fish are lethargic, they are less likely to eat the pelleted a/bs so they don’t actually receive the tx

17
Q

How is Burkholderia mallei transmitted b/w equids?

A

Ingestion of food or water contaminated by nasal discharges

18
Q

How does Glanders from Burkholderia mallei present in equids?

A

Acute

Begins with pyrexia, depression & anorexia

Watery discharge from nostril & coughing

Nodules & ulcers develop on septum & discharge becomes thick

Enlarged lymph nodes

19
Q

How does Farcy from Burkholderia mallei present in equids?

A

Cutaneous lesions on limbs & belly

Lymphangitis & lymphadenitis

Nodules may ulcerate

Often fatal within several wks

Not found in NA

20
Q

How do Burkholderia pseudomallei infections present? & how is it transmitted

A

Glanders like disease called meliondosis

Broad host range

Contaminated by food or water

Not in NA

21
Q

How do you collect samples for P. aeruginosa & S. maltophila?

A

Sites of infection

22
Q

How do you collect samples for B. mallei?

A

Discharges for culture

Blood for serology

23
Q

How does the lab dx Pseudomonas & Stenotrophomonas?

A

routine test media

easy to identify

24
Q

How does the lab dx Burkholderia mallei & pseudomallei? (4)

A

Blood agar & MacConkey agar - colony morph

PCR

Serology

ELSIA

25
Q

Does Burkholderia mallei pose a zoonotic risk?

A

Yes, if exposure is high

Vets, horse workers, lab workers, abattoir works

26
Q

How do you tx Burkholderia?

A

CFIA needs to be notified, up to them

27
Q

How do you tx Pseudomonas & Strenotrophomonas?

A

Based on susceptibility testing

Bacteria (16 decks)

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