Lecture 9

Question 1

Vocal nodules are the (most least) common ____ laryngeal pathology. In school-age children they are most common in (boys, girls). In adolescents, they are most common in (boys, girls). In adulthood, the are most common in (men, women). Vocal nodules diagnosed in childhood are more likely to persist into adolescence for (boys, girls). Girls with ______ were found to be at the highest risk for persistent nodules.

Answer 1

most

benign

boys

girls

women

girls

respiratory allergies

Question 2

The most common perceptual characterisitcs of voice associated with vocal nodules are ____ and ______. Know why this makes sense!

Answer 2

tense breathiness

hoarseness

Question 3

Typical symptom pattern when vocal nodules are present: the voice sounds (good, bad) in teh morning and may get (better, worse) by late morning. As voice use continues throughout the day, the voice becomes more _______, until by evening, the client may __________

Answer 3

good

better

dysphonic; hoarse

aphonic-severely dysphonic- not able to produce voice at all

Question 4

Vocal nodules are successfully treated in the majority of cases by (surgery, speech/voice therapy). If surgery is necessary, voice therapy should (precede, follow both) surgery. Know why this is the case!

Answer 4

speech voice therapy

both

Question 5

Vocal polyps have the iportant etiological factor of _______ but also have ______ predisposing or maintaining factors

Answer 5

hyperfunction

organic

Question 6

An important event that starts a polyp formation is a ________

Answer 6

Hemorrhage

Question 7

Because they are vascularized lesions and have redundant _____, polyps often require ______ treatment.

Answer 7

mucosa

surgical

Question 8

Polyps are typically (unilateral, bilateral) and occure at the middle of the anterior _____ and posterior ____ of the glottis

Answer 8

unilateral

1/3

2/3

Question 9

If a polyp is borad-base, it is calles _____, whereas if it hangs formt eh vocal folds by a narrow stalk, it is called______

Answer 9

sessile

pedunculated

Question 10

THe newest polyps ( and the most successfully treated with voice therapy) are _______ and ______

Answer 10

small

translucent or sessile

Question 11

Polyps and nodules both have similar etiologies and damgage to the _____ of the vocal folds, which allows the _____ to protrude outward. However, polyps differe from nodules in that they are (unilateral, bilateral) and not (unilateral, bilateral) and they are ______ lesions

Answer 11

basement membrane zone (BMZ)

superficial layer of lamina propria

unilateral

bilateral

vascularized or encapsulated

Question 12

The perceptual characteristics of polyps inclue _____, ______ and possible ________

Answer 12

roughness

diplophonia

hoarseness

Question 13

Polyps are more common in (ment, women) and in (childhood, adolescence, adulthood)

Answer 13

men

adulthood

Question 14

In treating polyps surgically, an important goal is to preserve as much of the _______ as possible, in order not ot disrupt the mucosal wave. In addition, the ____ is also left as intact as possible, to ensure the vocal folds hve the smoothest possible ____ permitting full closure and regular vibratory patterns

Answer 14

superficia layer of lamina propria

epithelium

edge or margin

Question 15

Boone reccomends that patients with vocal polyps first have ____ treatment, then ____ then more ______

Answer 15

voice therapy/hehavioral

surgery

more voice therapy

Question 16

Reinke’s Edema is a (small, large) lesion that is located along ______. it is usually (unilateral, bilateral)

Answer 16

large

anterior 2/3rds of the glottis

bilateral

Question 17

Reinke’s Edema primarily effects the ______ layer of lamina propria, distrupting the collagen fibers that comprise it so that a ________ develops

Answer 17

superficial

think gelatinous fluid-like material

Question 18

Besides vocal hyperfunction, other contributing or maintaining factors to Reinke’s Edema may also include ____ and _____

Answer 18

smoking

GERD

** organic factors**

Question 19

Perceptual characteristics of Reinke’s Edema include _____, low pitch____ and _____

Answer 19

hoarseness

low pitch

stridor/diplophonia

Question 20

Treatment of Reinke’s Edema first and foremost requires that the _____ of the disorder be _______

Answer 20

cause

eliminated or remediated

Question 21

Voice therapy is (essential, optional, not recommended)

Answer 21

essential

Question 22

Laryngitits can be classified as ____, ____ or ____

Answer 22

acute

traumatic

chronic

Question 23

Of these types mentioned above, speech-language pathologists are most likely to treat _____ laryngitis

Answer 23

chronic

Question 24

Perceptual characteristics of laryngitis inclue:

______ _______

______ _______

_______ and ______

Question 25

In childhood, laryngiitis is mostly of the _____ type, caused by _____. In adulthood, laryngitis is more likely to be caused by ___, _____ or ______

Answer 25

acute

infection

GERD

smoking alcohol

phonotrauma

Question 26

In terms of treatment, acute laryngitis responds best to ______ along with_____, ______ and ______

Answer 26

vocal rest

inhaling humidified air

keeping the upper respiratory tract lubricated

avoiding the antihistamines and corticosteroids (laryngeal dehydrators)

Question 27

A person with laryngitis (should, should not) whisper

Answer 27

should not

Question 28

For chronic laryngitis, an important treatment strategy is _______ as well as_______

Answer 28

identifying and eliminating phonotrauma adn laryngeal irritants

instituting a vocal heygiene program/engaging in voice therapy