Lecture 4 Flashcards
In its rest position, the soft palate or velum is (low, high) in teh oropharynx. In order to separate the orophayrns and oral cavity from teh nasopharynx and nasal vacities, the velum must be ______
low
raised or elevated
The muscles of velopharyngeal closure include, according to your insturctor, the _________, which elevates the soft palate or velum, the ____________, which slightly elevates the uvula and tenses the velum, and the _________. which narrows the nasopharyngeal port.
levator palatine
uvular muscles
superior constrictor
The muscles of velopharyngeal opening, which are the ________ and the ________ are necessary in order to ______________ during running speech
palatoglossus
platopharyngeus
quickly open the nasopharynx, or quiclkly allow acousitic energy into the nasal cavities
Hyper nasal voice quality might result form ______ of the soft palate
paralysis
Assimilation nasality results when ________
The muscles of teh velopharyngeal closure and the muscles of the velopharyngeal opening are not coordinated.
They pharyngeal constrictors include the ________, ______ and __________. It is likely they play a role in teh resonance quality of _________
superior m
middle
inferior pharyngeal constrictors
cul-de-sac resonance
Two of the musles of the velar area, the _________ and the ________ are also ipratnt for hearing, becasue they help to open the _______
tensor palatine
levator palatine
Eustachian Tube
The process of inspiration for rest breathing is initiated in the _______ (part of the brain) in response to blood levels of O2 and CO2. In response tonerve impulses, teh ________ (specific muscle) contracts, incresing the superior-inferior diameter of teh thoracic cavity. ________ and teh ________ portion of the _______ also contract, increasing the _____ and )_______ diameters of the throacic cavity. As this occurs, air pressure in the lungs (increases, decreases) and air flow (in, out)
medulla
diaphragm
external intercostals
interchondral
internal intercostals
anterior-posterior
transverse
decreases
in
When inhalation durin grest breathing is complete adn O2 and CO2 have returned to their optimal levels in teh blood, the expiratory phase is initiated. At this point, the inspiratory muscles ________, and the passive factors of expiration (primarily _______ and _________) return the ribcage to its resting position. A that point, comparted with atmospheric pressure, air pressure inside the lungs is (greater, less), so air flows (in, out)
relax
gravity
tissue elasticity
greater
out
The ratio of inspiration to expriation during quiet breathing is ____% to ______%
40
60
During speech breathing (more, less) air is typically inhaled
more
the ratio of inspiration to expiration during speech breathing is ____% to _____%
10
90
Gradual relaxation of the inspiratory muscles during the expiration phase of speech breathing is known as _______
checking action
When teh inspiratory muscles are fully relaxed, continued expiration during speech is accomplished through contraction of the _______ (general location) muscles of ________, which continue pulling down on the ribcae, and the ________ muscles, which push in the ultimately up on the _______
(anterior) thoracic
expiration
abdominal
abdominal viscera
According to the Pressure-Relaxation Curve, at 100% vital capacity, the predominant force on teh chest wall is __________. At lower precents of vital capacity, (more, less) control of the inspiratory muscles is needed to prolong expiration
to collapse- to return to rest position
less
