Lecture 1 Flashcards
A normal voice is:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
loud enough to be heard
produced ina safe/hygenic manner
pleasant in quality
flexible/enough variability to express emotion/expressive
be appropriate for the speaker’s age adn gender in terms of pitch and loudness
So therefore, a disorded voice is on that is:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
not loud enough to be heard
produced ina traumatic manner
has a distracting /unpleasant quality
not fleible/vairiable/expressive
inapropriate pitch/loudness for age/gender
voice disorders are ________ phenomena, that is, something that we ________
perceptual
hear
Laryngeal lesions can be a _______ or a ________ of the underlying casue of the voice disorder.
cause
symptom
prevalence means:
the number of people who have a disorder at any given time
the prevalence of voice disorders in the general population is ___%
7
the prevalence of voice disorders in school-age children is _______
6-9 %
the prevalence of voice disorders in adults over 65 years of age is ______%, although only ____ % experience significant decreases in tehir quality of life becasue of the voice disorder
20-30
10-15
HTer eis no single accepted system for classifying voice disorders, but most classification systems are based on the _____ of the disorder
etiology
The clasification, assessment, and treatment of voice disorders has been influenced by experts a variety of fields, including
1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
otolarynology
music
public speaking
drama
psychology/psychiatry
neurology
For purposes of thei class, we wil classify voice disorders as
1
2
3
4
5
functional
hyperfunctional
psychogenic
organic
neurogenic
A voice disorder is likely to have (a single, multiple) etiology (ies)
multiple
In terms of assessment, it is important that the ______ of the voice disorder be identified, as well as _______ and ________ factors.
eitology
predisposing
maintaining
prior to treatment, a voice clienc must be seen by a/an ______ to determine ________
otolarynologist (ENT)
whether or not there is a treatable medical disorder
A voice evaluation typically incudes:
1
2
3
4
5
case history
instrumental measures
perceptual evaluations
client reaction to disorder
stimulability
What are the three components of speech?
voice
articulation
fluency
voice is made up of which processes?
respiration
phonation
resonance
What are the muscles of inspiration?
diaphragm
external intercostals
internal intercostal - interchondral portion
levator costarum
serratus posterior superior
pectoralis major
**pectoralis minor **
scalenes
sternocleidomastoid
waht are the muscles of expiration?
internal intercostals - interosseous portion
abdominal muscles
(external obliques, internal obliques transverse abdominus, rectus aominus)
what nerves innervate the diaphragm?
C3-C5 ( the phrenic nerve)
What muscles innervate teh sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius?
CN XI
what are the limits of the larynx?
hyoid bone
top three rings of the trachea
What are the parts of the arytenoid cartilage and what attaches to the vocal process and muscular process?
apex, muscular process, vocal process
thryromuscularis attatches to the muscular process and thyrovocalis attatchs to the vocal process r
