Lecture 3

Question 1

The only bone in the laryngeal framework is the __________. Of the cartilages that compose the laryngeal framework, three are single structures (there is only one of them), specifically the _______, the _______, and teh epiglottis_______. Three are paried cartilages, specifically the ______, the______ and the ________

Answer 1

hyoid bone

thyroid

cricoid

epiglottis

arytenoids

corniculate cartilages

cuneiform cartilages

Question 2

The arytenoid cartilages sit atop the ________. Each arytenoid has three processes, the________, the ______ and the ______.

Answer 2

cricoid cartilage

muscular process

vocal process

apex

Question 3

Two intrinisc muslces of the larynx are classified as adductors: the _______ and the ________. Together, these are known as teh muscles of _________

Answer 3

lateral circoarytenoids

interarytenoids

medial compression

Question 4

The single abductor of the vocal folds is the ________

Answer 4

posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 5

Two intrinsic muscles of the larynx are classified as vocal fold or laryngeal tensors: the ________ , which is considered an internal tensor, and the ________, which is considered an external tensor.

Answer 5

thyrocovalis

cricothyroid

Question 6

One intrisic muscle of the larynx is classified as a vocal fold or laryngeal relaxer: the _________

Answer 6

thyromuscularis

Question 7

All of the intrinisc muscle of the larynx are innervated bythe ________ nerve, except for the _________ muscle, which is innervated by the superiorlaryngeal nerve. Both of these nerves arise from the _____ and _____ cranial nerve.

Answer 7

recurrent laryngeal

cricothyroid

superiorlaryngeal

10

11

Question 8

When teh thyromuscularis portion of the thyroarytenoid muscle contracts, it pulls the _______ closer to the _______, therby making the vibratory mass of the vocal folds ________

Answer 8

arytenoids

thyroid )angle cartilage)

looser; more massive; thicker; vibrate slower

Question 9

And by the way thyromuscularis (is, is not) part of the vibratory mass of the vocal folds. Further, the thyrovocalis (is, is not) part fo the vibrating part of the vocal folds.

Answer 9

is not

is

Question 10

When the thyrovocalis portio nof the thyroarytenoid muscle contracts, it _____________, therby making the vibratory mass of the vocal folds________.

Answer 10

tenses the vibratory portion of the vocal folds

more tense, stiffer, vibrate faster

Question 11

The interarytenoid muscle is composed of two parts the _________ and the __________. the primary function of these muscles is to (open, close) the _______ part of the glottis.

Answer 11

transverse arytenoid muscle

oblique arytenoid muscle

cartilangenous posterior

Question 12

The lateral cricoarytenoids run from the _________ of the ________ cartilages, downward and forward to attach to the ________ of the _______ cartilages.

Answer 12

muscular proccess

arytenoid

top of the siders

cricoid

Question 13

When contracted, teh lateral cricoarytenoids cause the vocal processes of the _______ cartilages to sping (inward, outward) , therby (opening, closing) the ________ portion of the glottis

Answer 13

arytenoid

inward

closing

membranous

Question 14

Too much tension int eh muscles of medial compression can lead to _______ __________

Answer 14

vocal hyperfunction (phone trauma)

Question 15

The posterior cricoarytenoids have thier superior attachment at the ________ processes of the _______ cartilages. The muscle courses _______ to attach inferiorly to the (back, front) of the __________ cartilages

Answer 15

muscular

arytenoid

downward and medially

back

cricoid

Question 16

When the posterior cricoarytenoids contract, they pull the muscular processes _____, which swings the vocal processes ___________, causing the vocal folds to (adduct, abduct)

Answer 16

posteriorly and medially

laterally; apart

abduct

Question 17

The vocal folds are not similar in tissue density througough their depth. In fact, they are usually considered to consist of three distinct layers. First is the musosa, which is composed of ________ an the _______. THis layer can be likened to ________ interms of its density. THe second layer is the__________, also calles the _______, which is comosed of the _______ and _______. This layer an be likened to a _______ in terms of its density. Last is the _______, which is composed of the ___________.

Answer 17

epithelium

superficial layer of the lamina propria

jell; gelatin

transition

vocal ligament

intermediate

deep layers of lamina propria

rubber bands + cotton threads

body

thyrovocalis muscle

Question 18

The superfical layer of the lamina propria is also known as ________, which can become swollen and filled with fluid causing symptoms of voice disorders.

Answer 18

Reinke’s Space

Question 19

The structure of the vocal folds in three different layers results in differential vibratory movements between teh connective tissue layers and the muscular layer, creating the ______ which can be seen in a stoboscopic examination of the larynx

Answer 19

mucosal wave

Question 20

Although your Boon et al. book has a different classification scheme, most anatomy adn physiology texts classsify teh extrinsic musclses of the larynx into the ________ muscles an the _______ muscles.

Answer 20

suprahyoid

infrahyoid

Question 21

The anterior and posterior bellies of the digastriucs, mylohoid, geniohyoid and stylohyoid are examples of ________ muscles, defined as hanging one of their attachments_________

Answer 21

suprahyoid

above the level of the hyoid bone

Question 22

The muscels described above function to

Answer 22

elevate the larynx; help raise pitch

Question 23

Excessive tension in the muscles mentioned in 21 can cause a _______

Answer 23

voice disorder

Question 24

The sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid adn omohyoid are examples of __________. They function to __________

Answer 24

infrahyoid muscles

lower the larynx; help lower pitch