Lecture 3 Flashcards
The only bone in the laryngeal framework is the __________. Of the cartilages that compose the laryngeal framework, three are single structures (there is only one of them), specifically the _______, the _______, and teh epiglottis_______. Three are paried cartilages, specifically the ______, the______ and the ________
hyoid bone
thyroid
cricoid
epiglottis
arytenoids
corniculate cartilages
cuneiform cartilages
The arytenoid cartilages sit atop the ________. Each arytenoid has three processes, the________, the ______ and the ______.
cricoid cartilage
muscular process
vocal process
apex
Two intrinisc muslces of the larynx are classified as adductors: the _______ and the ________. Together, these are known as teh muscles of _________
lateral circoarytenoids
interarytenoids
medial compression
The single abductor of the vocal folds is the ________
posterior cricoarytenoid
Two intrinsic muscles of the larynx are classified as vocal fold or laryngeal tensors: the ________ , which is considered an internal tensor, and the ________, which is considered an external tensor.
thyrocovalis
cricothyroid
One intrisic muscle of the larynx is classified as a vocal fold or laryngeal relaxer: the _________
thyromuscularis
All of the intrinisc muscle of the larynx are innervated bythe ________ nerve, except for the _________ muscle, which is innervated by the superiorlaryngeal nerve. Both of these nerves arise from the _____ and _____ cranial nerve.
recurrent laryngeal
cricothyroid
superiorlaryngeal
10
11
When teh thyromuscularis portion of the thyroarytenoid muscle contracts, it pulls the _______ closer to the _______, therby making the vibratory mass of the vocal folds ________
arytenoids
thyroid )angle cartilage)
looser; more massive; thicker; vibrate slower
And by the way thyromuscularis (is, is not) part of the vibratory mass of the vocal folds. Further, the thyrovocalis (is, is not) part fo the vibrating part of the vocal folds.
is not
is
When the thyrovocalis portio nof the thyroarytenoid muscle contracts, it _____________, therby making the vibratory mass of the vocal folds________.
tenses the vibratory portion of the vocal folds
more tense, stiffer, vibrate faster
The interarytenoid muscle is composed of two parts the _________ and the __________. the primary function of these muscles is to (open, close) the _______ part of the glottis.
transverse arytenoid muscle
oblique arytenoid muscle
cartilangenous posterior
The lateral cricoarytenoids run from the _________ of the ________ cartilages, downward and forward to attach to the ________ of the _______ cartilages.
muscular proccess
arytenoid
top of the siders
cricoid
When contracted, teh lateral cricoarytenoids cause the vocal processes of the _______ cartilages to sping (inward, outward) , therby (opening, closing) the ________ portion of the glottis
arytenoid
inward
closing
membranous
Too much tension int eh muscles of medial compression can lead to _______ __________
vocal hyperfunction (phone trauma)
The posterior cricoarytenoids have thier superior attachment at the ________ processes of the _______ cartilages. The muscle courses _______ to attach inferiorly to the (back, front) of the __________ cartilages
muscular
arytenoid
downward and medially
back
cricoid
When the posterior cricoarytenoids contract, they pull the muscular processes _____, which swings the vocal processes ___________, causing the vocal folds to (adduct, abduct)
posteriorly and medially
laterally; apart
abduct
The vocal folds are not similar in tissue density througough their depth. In fact, they are usually considered to consist of three distinct layers. First is the musosa, which is composed of ________ an the _______. THis layer can be likened to ________ interms of its density. THe second layer is the__________, also calles the _______, which is comosed of the _______ and _______. This layer an be likened to a _______ in terms of its density. Last is the _______, which is composed of the ___________.
epithelium
superficial layer of the lamina propria
jell; gelatin
transition
vocal ligament
intermediate
deep layers of lamina propria
rubber bands + cotton threads
body
thyrovocalis muscle
The superfical layer of the lamina propria is also known as ________, which can become swollen and filled with fluid causing symptoms of voice disorders.
Reinke’s Space
The structure of the vocal folds in three different layers results in differential vibratory movements between teh connective tissue layers and the muscular layer, creating the ______ which can be seen in a stoboscopic examination of the larynx
mucosal wave
Although your Boon et al. book has a different classification scheme, most anatomy adn physiology texts classsify teh extrinsic musclses of the larynx into the ________ muscles an the _______ muscles.
suprahyoid
infrahyoid
The anterior and posterior bellies of the digastriucs, mylohoid, geniohyoid and stylohyoid are examples of ________ muscles, defined as hanging one of their attachments_________
suprahyoid
above the level of the hyoid bone
The muscels described above function to
elevate the larynx; help raise pitch
Excessive tension in the muscles mentioned in 21 can cause a _______
voice disorder
The sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid adn omohyoid are examples of __________. They function to __________
infrahyoid muscles
lower the larynx; help lower pitch
