Lecture 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the active and processed form of a protein called?

A

Proteoform

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2
Q

What are the 3 stages of insulin processing?

A

Preproinsulin in langerhans cells (pancreas)
Proinsulin (folded and oxidized)
insulin (C-chain cleavage)

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3
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Induces glucose uptake in target tissue

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4
Q

What does the hormon of the brain do?

A

Under stress: metabolic activity regulation
ACTH (hormon) production of cortisol

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5
Q

What does POMC do?

A

Melanine production -> mutations cause red hair and pale skin

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6
Q

What does Myostatine do?

A

Reduces muscle growth

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7
Q

What is shedding?

A

Proteolytic removal of membrane proteins

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8
Q

How are Enzymes that remove membrane
proteins called?

A

Sheddases

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9
Q

What are some diseases in which shedding plays a role?

A

Alzheimers disease and stop of neuronal differentiation both are caused by shedding

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10
Q

What are some irreversible modifications

A

collagen formation
hydroxylation
glycosylation

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11
Q

What are some reversible modifications

A

phosphorylation
acetylation
ubiquitination

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12
Q

What are the enzymes causing these reversible modifications
and what are the enzymes which reverse them?

A

kjnases
acetyltransferases
ubiquitin ligases

phosphatases
deacetylases
isopeptidases

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13
Q

What are the most important phosphorylation targets?

A

Serine Threonine Tyrosine (S/T/Y)

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14
Q

What is phosphorylation dependant on?

A

Mg2+

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15
Q

What is special about protein kinases?

A

They share a common mechanism and fold

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16
Q

What is the catalytic cycle of protein kinases

A
  1. ATP binds to active site
  2. substrate binds
  3. phosphorylation (phosphate from ATP transfered to substrate)
  4. substrate released
  5. ADP released