Lecture 3

Question 1

What is the germline?

Answer 1

passes genetic information through generations

Question 2

What is the Soma

Answer 2

facilitates inheritance of of genomes

Question 3

Biology of ageing stigma

Answer 3

Early acting good genes are selected, but late acting bad genes are not selected against

Question 4

What are telomeres?

Answer 4

Protect chromosome ends (TTAGGG), no coding region

Question 5

Where is telomerase active?

Answer 5

germ cells, embryogenesis, stem cells and cancer

Question 6

Which DNA repair pathways are error free?

Answer 6

Base excision repair (BER)
Miss match repair (MMR)
Nucleotide excision repair (NER)
Singler strand break repair (SSBR)

Question 7

Which DNA repair pathways are not error free?

Answer 7

Lesion bypass
DNA Double strand break repair (NHEJ, HR)
DNA interstrand crosslink repair

Question 8

What can genome maintenance defects cause?

Answer 8

Developmental failure
segmental ageing
cancer susceptibility

Question 9

What is the Base excision repair pathway? (BER)

Answer 9

removes non-bulky base damage by endogenouse and exogenouse adducts by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species / oxidative stress

Question 10

BER pathway

Answer 10

Creation of AP sites
AP endonuclease recognizes AP sites and cleaves backbone
polymerases fill the gap
flap nulcease cleaves displaced strand