Lecture 12

Question 1

What is the endosymbiont theory?

Answer 1

Development of mitochondria and chloroplasts after endocytosis of procaryotic cells into pre-eucaryotic cells

Question 2

What are the changes brought about by the endosymbiont theory?

Answer 2

1. Transporters in membrane
2. protein import machinery
3. genome reduction
4. EGT to nucleus

Question 3

How is the respiratory chain organized?

Answer 3

ATP synthase forms dimers at cristae tips
protons are pumped into cristae space and flow back to drive ATP production

Question 4

Why are mitochondria essential for cell survival?

Answer 4

Mitochondria are essential for the production of Fe/S proteins

Question 5

What are the signaling roles of mitochondria?

Answer 5

Mitochondria regulate cell death via Cytochrome C (if cytochrome C in cytoplasm -> cell death initated)
Mitochondria regulates innate immunity via mtDNA

Question 6

How does mitochondria prevent cell death?

Answer 6

By acting as a calcium storage (too much calcium initaes cell death)

Question 7

What is the signature lipid of mitochondrial membranes?

Answer 7

Cardiolipin (mostly in the Inner mitochrondiral membrane)

Question 8

What are key points to remember for mitochondria and lipids?

Answer 8

key for phospholipid biosynthesis
lipids transfered between ER and mitochondria
close association between ER and mitochondria