Lecture 80

Question 1

Tyramine is a breakdown product of _____, and it is considered an _____-acting adrenergic agonist. It is found in high levels in smoked meats, many cheese, fruits, and nuts. It acts the same as amphetamine in its release of NE.

Answer 1

Breakdown product of TYROSINE, and it is considered an INDIRECT-acting adrenergic agonist.

Question 2

Whereas amphetamine and the like are considered Releasers, Cocaine is considered an adrenergic uptake-______. Cocaine can be used as a local ______ and is never co-administered with a vasoconstrictor, because it does that itself.

Answer 2

INHIBITOR

ANESTHETIC

Question 3

Ephedrine is a _____ (direct + indirect) adrenergic agonist, with effects that mimic Epi AND amphetamine. It is used as a bronchodilator, nasal decongestant, and to treat incontinence.

Answer 3

Ephedrine is a MIXED adrenergic agonist, with effects that mimic Epi and amphetamine.

Question 4

Phentolamine is a nonselective ____1 and 2 adrenergic Antagonist. Thus, it reduces systolic and diastolic BP. However, it is not used to treat chronic hypertension because of risk of ______ hypotension and tachycardia.

Answer 4

ALPHA1 and 2. Risk of ORTHOSTATIC hypertension and tachycardia.

Question 5

Prazosin is a selective ____1 blocker used as a ____-line drug to treat chronic hypertension. Note that ____1 blockers cause Orthstatic Hypotension with the ____ dose (____ dose effect,) but this subsides with continued dosages.

Answer 5

Prazosin is a selective ALPHA1 blocker used as a SECOND-line drug to treat chronic hypertension. Note that ALPHA1 blockers cause orthostatic hypertension with the FIRST dose (First dose effect.)

Question 6

Prazosin can also cause _______ reversal –> Because Prazosin blocks _____1 receptors, the Beta2 will be activated upon administering _____, causing a further decrease in BP. This is of particular note in people taking Prazosin who experience a cardiac episode –> in this case ____ would be a good alternative.

Answer 6

Prazosin can also cause EPINEPHRINE reversal –> because Prazosin blocks ALPHA1 receptors, the Beta2 will be activated upon administering EPINEPHRINE , causing a further decrease in BP.

NE would be a good alternative to Epi for people taking Prazosin who experience a cardiac episode.

Question 7

______ is an ALPHA1 A antagonist and is used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy.

Answer 7

TAMSULOSIN

Question 8

Beta adrenergic antagonists (Beta blockers) are used to treat _____. ______ and ______ are both NON-SELECTIVE Beta antagonists. These can be used to treat rapid heart rate associated with _____thyroidism, among other things, because thyroid hormone upregulates Beta1 receptors on the heart. Keep in mind ______ is preferentially used to treat glaucoma bc it decrease aqueous humor synthesis.

Answer 8

Used to treat HYPERTENSION. PROPANOLOL and TIMOLOL are both non-selective Beta antagonists.

These can be used to treat symptoms of HYPERthyoidism.

Timolol

Question 9

Non-selective Beta blockers are contraindicated in _____ (bronchodilation requires Beta2) and in insulin-dependent diabetics (they typically no longer produce Glucagon and rely on Epi-Beta2 interaction for glucose regulation.) Also, Beta blockers cannot be withdrawn abruptly, as the heart compensates for their action by up-regulating ____ receptors.

Answer 9

Contraindicated in ASTHMATICS.

The heart compensates by up-regulating BETA1

Question 10

_____ is a SELECTIVE beta blocker, selecting for only Beta1. This and other selective Beta1 blockers CAN be used in asthmatics and insulin-dependent diabetics.

Answer 10

METOPROLOL