Lecture 64

Question 1

The concentration of Mg _______ (outside OR inside?) is slightly greater than ______ (outside OR inside?). pH has the ______ (same OR opposite relationship?). Keep in mind the pH is much lower in the ______, ______, and Endosomes than in the cytosol. The concentration of Cl is MUCH greater _______ (outside OR inside?). _______ has the largest concentration gradient; its concentration _______ (outside OR inside?) is orders of magnitude greater than _______ (outside OR inside?). Keep in mind its concentration in the ER and _____ are about equal to its extracellular concentration.

Answer 1

Outside

Inside

Same

Golgi

Lysosomes

Outside

Ca++

Outside

Inside

Golgi

Question 2

Stokes-Einstein equation says that D (diffusion) is directly proportional to the absolute _______ and inversely proportional to the ______ of the medium and the molecular ______.

Answer 2

Temp

Viscosity

Radius

Question 3

Takeaway for speed of Diffusion: it is _____ over short distances, but very _____ over large distances. This instructs how synaptic delay is largely due to diffusion of _______ across the synaptic cleft.

Answer 3

Fast

Slow

NT

Question 4

Flux (J) is the number of _____ crossing a plane of UNIT AREA per time. Flux is also directly proportional to the ______ ______.

Answer 4

Moles

Concentration Gradient

Question 5

Most drugs are weak acids or weak bases. Think about how the pH of the environments in the body where they’re present might affect their charge and thus their action. Absorption can be affected by differences in pH (e.g the stomach is acidic while the intestines are more basic), _____ area available for diffusion, _____ perfusion rates (slower rate can impair [ ] gradient), and the nature of epithelial membranes.

Answer 5

Surface area

Blood perfusion

Question 6

The resting potential inside the cell ranges from about -30 to -80mV, while the potential in the _____ is about -160mV.

Answer 6

Mitochondria