Lecture 76

Question 1

MEC = minimum effective concentration –> minimum level in tissue for ____ effect. MTC = maximum _____ concentration. The concentration levels between these two values is considered the _____ window.

Answer 1

THERAPEUTIC

Tolerated

Therapeutic

Question 2

First order distribution and elimination states that the rate of drug distribution is proportional to the _____ of the drug in the blood.

Answer 2

Proportional to the CONCENTRATION of the drug in the blood.

Question 3

In Zero order elimination the rate of elimination is ______ (not dependent on the concentration of the drug.)

Answer 3

CONSTANT

Question 4

First order elimination is observed when the drug concentration at its therapeutic level is much _____ than the Km value for the enzyme metabolizing it, whereas Zero order elimination is observed when the drug concentration at its therapeutic level is much _____ than the saturation point of one of its elimination processes (i.e. the Km of the enzyme that metabolizes it).

Answer 4

First order when the drug concentration is much LOWER than the Km and Zero order when the drug concentration is much GREATER than the saturation point for one of its elimination processes.

Question 5

As a general rule of thumb, a drug is considered eliminated from the body in about ___-___ half lives.

Answer 5

About 4-5

Question 6

Half life (t1/2) = ____/ke

Answer 6

0.693

Question 7

aVd (apparent volume distribution) = ____/____

Answer 7

aVd = Dose/Co, where Co is the initial concentration in the blood.

Question 8

A very high aVd value suggests the concentration of drug in the blood is very ___. This suggests the drug is very ____soluble, as it does not remain in the blood. The opposite is true of highly ____soluble or sequestered in the blood bound to albumin.

Answer 8

High aVd value suggests Co is very LOW. This suggests the drug is very LIPOsoluble, as it does not remain in the blood. The opposite is true of highly WATERsoluble.

Question 9

Clearance (Cl) = ___ x ___

Answer 9

Cl = ke x aVd

Question 10

Infusion rate (maintenance dose rate) = ___ x ___ for IV administration and (___ x___) / ___ for oral

Answer 10

infusion rate = Cl x Css, for IV

Infusion rate = (D x F) /T for oral (where D is the dose and F is the fraction absorbed.)

Question 11

To achieve steady state (Css,) it takes about ___-___ half lives (same as complete elimination.)

Answer 11

4-5

Question 12

Loading dose = ____ x____ for IV administration and (___ x ____) / ____ for Oral administration

Answer 12

Loading dose = Css x aVd for IV

Loading dose = (Css x aVd) / F for Oral