Lecture 74 Flashcards
Excretion + Biotransformation = _____ of a drug (though some are exclusively Excreted or Biotransformed.)
CLEARANCE
_____ diffusion is through cells, whereas _____ diffusion is between cells. The latter is only really seen in skeletal muscle, liver, and sometimes kidney, and the reason is because in these places there aren’t tight-knit _____ between cells that make up the capillaries.
TRANSCELLULAR diffusion is through cells, whereas PARACELLULAR diffusion is between cells. The latter is only really seen in the liver, skeletal muscle, and sometimes in the kidney, and the reason is because in these places there aren’t tight-knit JUNCTIONS between cells that make up the capillaries.
Drugs that are weak acids will have at least 1 of 3 functional groups. Either ____, ____, or ____.
Either COOH, OH, or SH
Drugs that are weak bases will have a(n) ____ group.
NH2
Generally speaking, pKa is the pH at which ___% of a molecule is charged and ___% is uncharged.
50% charged and 50% uncharged.
Primary active transporters, symporters, and antiporters can all work together to help _____ drugs.
Organic Anion Transporter in the Kidney: A symporter can couple the movement of Sodium into the cell along with _____ on the Capillary side. Then, an antiporter can couple the movement of the drug into the cell with movement of ____ out. On the lumenal side of the nephron cell, an antiporter can bring negatively charge Urate and OH into the cell and move the ____ into the urine. These pumps that pump charged drugs are located in the _____ _____ _____ of the nephron. This process is termed ______ secretion.
All work together to EXCRETE
ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE.
ALPHA-KG
DRUG
PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE
TUBULAR secretion.
In the case of locally or topically applied drugs, Absorption ______ the effect of the drug.
TERMINATES
Any drugs given sublingually MUST be VERY ____soluble.
Liposoluble
One of the factors affecting drug absorption time if taken orally is _____ emptying time. This suggests if a drug is taken with food, it will be absorbed faster or slower?
One factor is GASTRIC emptying time. If taken with food, the drug will be absorbed SLOWER.
Another factor that determines absorption time of orally administered drugs is the drug formulation. The formulation can affect the rate of ______, which is necessary for the drug to move into solution.
Can affect DISINTERGRATION
The third factor that affects absorption time is ___ flow. The faster the ___ flow, the more the drug will be absorbed into the ___.
BLOOD flow. Faster the BLOOD flow, the more the drug will move into the BLOOD.
There are essentially 2 reasons to administer a drug IM.
- If the drug is very ____soluble. (it can undergo paracellular absorbtion in muscle.)
- If there is an emergency and you can’t run an ___ line.
Keep in mind IM administration is more dangerous than SubQ bc of the risk of hitting major blood vessels.
- If the drug is very WATERsoluble
2. If you can’t run an IV line and it’s an emergency.
Purpose of IV is to bypass _____.
ABSORPTION
Transdermal is a very popular mode of administering very ____soluble drugs.
LIPOsoluble
The only inhaled drugs that make it to the alveoli are gaseous _____ (which are small liposoluble drugs).
ANESTHETICS
