Lecture 70

Question 1

ANS sensory afferent signals synapse in the ____________ column, while somatic afferent signals synapse in the ventral horn.

Answer 1

Intermediolateral column (IML)

Question 2

The Sympathetic has ______ (shorter or longer?) postganglionic neurons compared to the Parasympathetic but ______ (shorter or longer?) preganglionic neurons. For both Parasymp and Symp, the ____-ganglionic axons are myelinated and the ____-ganglionic are not.

Answer 2

Longer

Shoter

Preganglionic

Postganglionic

Question 3

The Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons synapse with ________ receptors on effector organs, while Sympathetic postganglionic neurons release NE and synapse with ________ receptors.

Answer 3

Muscarinic receptors

Adrenergic receptors

Question 4

ACh is broken down in the synapse by actylcholinesterarse, and _____ undergoes reuptake back into the presynaptic neuron.

Answer 4

Choline

Question 5

Parasympathetic nervous system is considered Craniosacral, including cranial nerves ____, ___, ___, and ___, as well as sacral nerves S__ to S__. Keep in mind the parasymp nervous system does NOT innervate the ____ or skeletal muscle.

Answer 5

Including cranial nerves 3,7,9,and X, as well as sacral nerves S2 to S4. Parasymp doesn’t innervate SKIN or skeletal muscle.

Question 6

Sympathetic nervous system is considered Thoracolumbar and runs from T__ down to L__.

Answer 6

From T1 to L3

Question 7

Sympathetic synapse on ____vertebral or ____vertebral ganglia. The ___vertebral ganglia innervate thoracic viscera and head structures, while the ___ vertebral ganglia (collateral ganglia outside the chain ganglia) innervate abdominal viscera and lower structures (rectum, bladder, and repro organs.)

Answer 7

Sympathetic synapse on PARAvertebral or PREvertebral. PARAvertebral innervate thoracic and head structures, while PREvertebral innervate abdominal and lower structures.

Question 8

Enteric nervous system is responsible for regulation of ____ tract.

Answer 8

GI tract

Question 9

Fast synaptic transmission = fast onset but brief potentials and are mediated by ____ gated (ionotrophic) receptors.

Answer 9

Mediated by LIGAND gated

Question 10

Slow Synaptic transmission = slow onset but long lasting potentials and are mediated by ______ (metabotrophic) receptors.

Answer 10

Mediated by GPCRs

Question 11

Nicotinic receptors are examples of _____ receptors (so are they selective or non-selective?), while Muscarinic and adrenergic receptors are examples of _____.

Answer 11

Nicotinic = LIGAND GATED (NON-SELECTIVE IONOTROPHIC) while Muscarinic and Adrenergic = GPCR

Question 12

Ligand gated channels that generate EPSPs make the membrane more likely to reach threshold and more permeable to _____ (keep in mind these channels are NOT selective), while IPSPs make the membrane less likely to reach threshold and more permeable to either ____ or ____.

Answer 12

Ligand gated EPSPs make the membrane more permeable to CATINOS, while IPSPs make the membrane more permeable to either POTASSIUM or CHLORIDE.

Question 13

M2 muscarinic receptors are _____ (excitatory or inhibitory?) GPCRs (coupled to Gi) of the Parasympathetic system, and causes ____ heart rate and _____ of sphincters.

Answer 13

M2 receptors are INHIBITORY GPCR of the Parasymp and causes DECREASED heart rate and RELAXATION of sphincters.

Question 14

M3 is an _____ GPCR (coupled to Gq) of the Parasympathetic system and causes _____ of smooth muscles in viscera. Keep in mind these receptors cause glandular secretions. Which glands are the only ones with SYMPATHETIC innervation of M3 receptors?

Answer 14

M3 is an EXCITATORY GPCR (coupled to Gq,) and causes CONTRACTION of smooth muscles in the viscera.

Sweat Glands

Question 15

Beta 1 adrenergic receptors are usually ______ (exhibiting positive sympathetic effect on the heart.)

Beta 2 receptors are usually ______, and can act in opposition of alpha 1 and 2 in the vasculature –> Helps sympathetic system increase blood flow where it’s needed and decrease it where it’s not.

Beta3 adrenergic receptors are usually ______ (responding more so to Epi than NE,) and cause _____ in adipose tissue.

Answer 15

Excitatory

Inhibitory

EXCITATORY and cause LIPOLYSIS in adipose tissue.

Question 16

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors are usually ______ (excitatory or inhibitory?) with regard to function, not signal transduction. They are responsible for contraction of _______ and genitourinary smooth muscle.

Alpha 2 adrenergic receptors are usually _______ (excitatory or inhibitory?) with the exception of those in ______ smooth muscle (in this way, they act like Alpha 1.)

Answer 16

Excitatory

Vascular

Inhibitory

Vascular

Question 17

Muscarinic and Adrenergic AUTO-receptors are located on the _____-synaptic terminal, and are _______ (excitatory or inhibitory? –> think feedback loop).

Answer 17

Presynaptic terminal

Inhibitory