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Anatomy And Physiology > Lecture 8 - Skeletal Muscle > Flashcards

Lecture 8 - Skeletal Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

4 Functions of Skeletal Muscle

A

Movement
Posture
Storage/Movement of Substances
Heat Generation

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2
Q

Gross Muscle Anatomy (3 points)

A

Force produced by muscle
Force transmitted to skeleton via tendon
Movement occurs/joint stabilizes

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3
Q

Sarcomere Definition

A

Moving Parts of Muscle

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4
Q

Epimysium Definition

A

Outer Connective Tissue
Holds Fascicals in place

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5
Q

Endomysium Definition

A

Connective Tissue holding muscle fibres together

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6
Q

Perimysium Definition

A

Inner Connective Tissue holding fascicals in place

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7
Q

6 Components of a Muscle Fibres

A

Multiple Nuclei
Light I Band
Dark A Band
Myofibril
Sarcolemma
Mitochondria

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8
Q

Number of Sarcomeres in a Myofibril

A

Thousands joined in series/parallel to one another

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9
Q

Components of Sarcomere

A

Z Line
H Zone
M Line
Light I Band
Dark A Band

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10
Q

2 types of Myofilaments

A

Thick Myosin Filament
Thin Actin Filament

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11
Q

2 Features of Actin Filaments

A

Double Helical Structure
Tropomyosin covers binding sites on Actin units

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12
Q

Features of Myosin Filaments

A

300 Myosin Units long
Two subunits - S1/S2

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13
Q

2 Subunits in Myosin Filaments

A

S1 - Globular Head
S2 - Flexible Region and Tail

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14
Q

Why are binding sites in thin filament covered?

A

Stops unwanted contraction

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15
Q

3 Structural Proteins in Sarcomere

A

Titin
Nebulin
Desmin

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16
Q

Titin Function

A

Springlike protein responsible for returning sarcomere to original structure

17
Q

Nebulin Function

A

Maintaining Overall Structure

18
Q

Desmin Function

A

Maintains Z Line

19
Q

Sliding Filament Mechanism (5 points)

A

During Contraction:
H Zone decreases in length
I Band decreases in length
A Band stays the same
Overall change in muscle length

20
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Definition

A

Interconnecting tubules surrounding myofibrils

21
Q

2 Functions of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

A

Regulates intracellular levels of Ca2+
Stores Ca2+ and releases on stimulation to allow contraction

22
Q

Cross Bridge Cycle (7 points)

A

Action Potential Arrives
Ca2+ binds to Troponin
Causes conformational change in Tropomyosin
Exposes binding site of actin
Myosin Globular head binds to actin binding site using ATP
Pi released from Myosin Globular Head
ATP used to break Actin/Myosin Bond

23
Q

Length/Tension Relationship in Muscle (3 points)

A

When filaments overlapped, no tension
As muscle stretches, tension increases as Z Line is not there
Once actin and myosin aren’t overlapped, tension decreases

24
Q

Force/Velocity Relationship in Muscle (3 points)

A

Force during shortening < isometric force
Faster the movement, less time myosin heads have to attach to binding site
Force during lengthening > isometric force

25
Q

3 types of Muscle Fibres

A

Type I
Type IIA
Type IIX

26
Q

Features of Type I Fibres

A

Small Cross Sectional Area
Red
High Endurance Capacity
Low Max Force

27
Q

Features of Type IIA Fibres

A

Medium Cross Sectional Area
Pink
Intermediate Endurance Capacity
Intermediate Max Force

28
Q

Features of Type IIX Fibres

A

Large Cross Sectional Area
White
Low Endurance Capacity
High Max Force

29
Q

6 Parts to Motor Neuron

A

Cell Body
Myelin Sheath
Axon
Dendrites
Node of Ranvier
Axon Terminal

30
Q

Node of Ranvier Definition

A

Gap in Myelin Sheath where axon is exposed

31
Q

Components of Node of Ranvier

A

Sodium and Potassium Channels in Membrane

32
Q

Neuromuscular Junction Definition

A

Where motor neuron meets muscle fibre

33
Q

Muscle Spindle Function

A

Prevents Overstretching of Muscles due to changes in muscle length

34
Q

Mechanism of Overstretch Prevention

A

Afferent Neuron wraps around muscle spindle
Efferent Neuron causes muscle spindle to contrat

Anatomy And Physiology (10 decks)

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