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anatomy and physiology > Lecture 10 - Integumentary System > Flashcards

Lecture 10 - Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

2 Main Components of Integumentary System

A

Cutaneous Membrane
Accessory Structures

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2
Q

6 Functions of Integumentary System

A

Protection
Excretion
Maintenance of Body Temperature
Melanin/Keratin Production
Synthesis of Vitamin D
Sensation

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3
Q

3 Layers of Integumentary System

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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4
Q

3 types of receptors in Integumentary System

A

Tactile Corpuscle - Touch
Lamellated Corpuscle - Pressure
Nerve Fibres - Pain

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5
Q

2 glands in Integumentary System

A

Sweat Gland
Sebaceous Gland

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6
Q

4 other structures in Integumentary System

A

Hair Shaft
Arrector Pili Muscle
Hair Follicle
Cutaneous Plexus - Artery/Vein

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7
Q

Epidermis Definition

A

Superficial layer of Skin

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8
Q

Epidermis Tissue Type

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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9
Q

2 types of skin

A

Thin Skin - covers most of body
Thick Skin - covers palms and soles

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10
Q

Papilla definition

A

Projection in the Dermis that interlock with the Epidermal Ridge
Creates Large Surface Area

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11
Q

Keratinocytes Definition

A

Skin Cells

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12
Q

Mechanism of Skin Renewal

A

As Keratinocytes divide, daughter cells are pushed superficially
As they are filled with Keratin, they die as they get to the surface

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13
Q

Layers of Thick Skin

A

Surface
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale
Basement Membrane

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14
Q

Stratum Corneum Definition

A

Layers of Dead, flat keratinocytes lacking organelles

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15
Q

Stratum Lucidum Defintion

A

Layer of Flattened Clear Cells

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16
Q

Stratum Granulosum Definition

A

Layer of Cells where Keratin is produced
Apoptosis occurs

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17
Q

Stratum Spinosum Defintion

A

Layer of Shrunken Keratinocytes

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18
Q

Stratum Basale Definition

A

Layer of dividing Basal Keratinocytes

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19
Q

EGF Definition

A

Epidermal Growth Factor

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20
Q

EGF Function

A

Stimulates Cell Division, Keratin Production and Glandular Secretion

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21
Q

Location of Epidermal Ridges

A

Fingertips

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22
Q

Epidermal Ridges Function

A

Provides Friction

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23
Q

Location of Thick/Thin Skin

A

Thick - Fingertips/Palms/Soles
Thin - Everywhere

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24
Q

Epidermal Thickness of Thick/Thin Skin

A

Thick - 0.6-4.5mm
Thin - 0.1-0.15mm

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25
Q

Difference in Epidermal Strata in Thick/Thin Skin

A

Think - Thicker Lucidum/Spinosum/Corneum
Thin - No Lucidum/Thinner Spinosum/Corneum

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26
Q

Epidermal Ridges in Thick/Thin Skin

A

Thick - Present
Thin - Absent

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27
Q

Presence of Hair Follicles in Thick/Thin Skin

A

Thick - Absent
Thin - Present

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28
Q

Presence of Sweat Glands in Thick/Thin Skin

A

Thick - More Numerous
Thin - Fewer

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29
Q

Presence of Sensory Receptors in Thick/Thin Skin

A

Thick - More Numerous
Thin - Sparse

30
Q

Melanocyte Definition

A

Melanin producing cell

31
Q

Melanocyte Function

A

Secretes Melanin into Keratinocytes

32
Q

Trend in Melanin concentration and skin colour

A

Less Melanin = Whiter Skin

33
Q

Cause of Freckles

A

More active Melanocytes

34
Q

2 types of Pigments in Skin

A

Carotene
Melanin

35
Q

Carotene Features (

A

Yellowish
Gained from Vitamin A

36
Q

Melanin Features

A

Brown
Protects from UV Radiation

37
Q

Dermis Function

A

Supports Epidermis
Uses Collagen and Elastic Fibres

38
Q

2 Layers of Dermis

A

Papillary Layer
Reticular Layer

39
Q

Papillary Layer Definition

A

Areolar Tissue

40
Q

Reticular Layer Definition

A

Fibrous Network

41
Q

Hypodermis Features

A

Layer of Loose Connective Tissue
Interwoven with Reticular Layer of Dermis

42
Q

2 Tissues in Hypodermis

A

Areolar Tissue
Adipose Tissue

43
Q

Hair Follicle Functions

A

Protection
Insulation
Sensation

44
Q

Hair Follicle Distribution

A

Thousands of Epithelial Cells : 1 Hair Follicle

45
Q

Location of Hair Follicle

A

Deep in Dermis

46
Q

3 Layers in Hair Structure

A

Medulla (Core) - Contains Soft Keratin
Cortex - Thick Layers of Hard Keratin
Cuticle - Thin Layer of Hard Keratin

47
Q

4 Parts of Follicle Structure

A

Internal Root Sheath - Epithelial Cells surrounding Hair Root
External Root Sheath - More Epithelial Cells
Glassy Membrane - Thick Clear Layer Wrapped in Connective Tissue Sheath
Connective Tissue Sheath - Protective

48
Q

Hair Loss in Chemotherapy Mechanism

A

Cell Division in Hair Follicle is quick
Chemotherapy targets fast dividing cells
Therefore, Hair Loss

49
Q

7 Steps of Hair Growth Cycle

A

Basal Cells Divide
Daugther Cells are pushed superficially ~0.33mm/day
Increasingly more Keratinised
At End, Follicle becomes inactive
Connections between hair matrix and root break down
Old Hair Sheds
New Hair Produced

50
Q

Sebaceous Gland Function

A

Secretion of Sebum onto hair shaft

51
Q

2 Sebum Functions

A

Helps waterproof skin
Pathogen Protection - slightly acidic

52
Q

Mode of Sebum Secretion

A

Holocrine

53
Q

2 Functions of Fingernails

A

Protection
Limits Distortion

54
Q

6 Parts of Outer Fingernail

A

Free Edge
Lateral Nail Fold
Nail Body
Lunula
Proximal Nail Fold
Eponychium - Cuticle

55
Q

Component of Nail Body

A

Keratinised Epithelial Cells

56
Q

Lunula Function

A

Maintains Nail Body Structure

57
Q

Parts of Inner Fingernail

A

Nail Bed - Epidermis
Phalanx
Nail Root

58
Q

Nail Root Function

A

Nail Production

59
Q

2 types of Sweat Glands

A

Apocrine
Merocrine

60
Q

Apocrine Sweat Glands Function

A

Secretes odorous fluid in armpits (axillary)
Causes Body Odour

61
Q

Merocrine Sweat Glands Function

A

Discharge watery fluid onto skin surface

62
Q

3 General Sweat Gland Functions

A

Skin surface cooling
Excretion
Protection

63
Q

Cause of Skin Cancer

A

Uncontrolled Cell Replication
78% are basal cell carcinomas
2% are Malignant Melanoma (can metastasise)

64
Q

3 types of Burns

A

First Degree
Second Degree
Third Degree

65
Q

First Degree Burn Feature

A

Reddening of the Epidermis

66
Q

Second Degree Burn Feature

A

Blisters

67
Q

Third Degree Burn Feature

A

Sensory Nerve Destroyed

68
Q

7 Steps of Skin Injury Repair

A

Bleeding
Clot forms
Cells migrate from stratum basale
Phagocytic Cells arrive
Mesh produced by fibroblasts
Clot breaks up
Epidermis is healed

69
Q

Intrinsic Skin Aging

A

Reduction in cell activity, GF hormones etc

70
Q

5 Intrinsic Skin Aging Characteristics

A

Dermal Thinning
Wrinkling
White Hair
Increased Infection Risk
Slower Healing

71
Q

Extrinsic Skin Aging

A

Changes from Sunshine Exposure + Smoking

72
Q

2 Extrinsic Skin Aging Characteristics

A

Increased Wrinkling
Increased Skin Cancer risk

anatomy and physiology (10 decks)

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