Lecture 6 - Skeletal Anatomy Flashcards
2 parts of the Skeletal System
Axial
Appendicular
6 Parts of the Axial Skeleton
Skull
Sternum
Ribs
Cartilage
Vertebrae
Sacrum
4 Parts of the Appendicular Skeleton
Scapula/Clavicle
Upper Limb bones
Pelvis
Lower Limb bones
Bones of the Cranium
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
2 Parts of the Frontal Bone
Forehead
Superior surface of orbits
2 Parts of the Parietal Bone
Sides
Roof
2 Parts of the Temporal Bone
Sides
Bone
Main part of the Occipital Bone
Foramen magnum
Sphenoid Bone Defintion
Bridge between cranial and facial bones
2 Parts of the Ethmoid Bone
Cribiform Plate
Nasal Septum
3 Facial Bone Functions
Supporting cavities/sense organs
Protection
Muscle attachment for chewing/speech/facial expression
6 Facial Bones
Maxillary Bones - Top of Jaw
Zygomatic Bones - Check Bones
Mandible - Lower Jaw
Nasal Bones
Nasal Conchae
Nasal Septum
Feature that is not a facial bone
Teeth
Sinuses Definition
Air pocket inside bones to make them tighter
4 Paranasal Sinuses
Frontal Sinus
Ethmoidal Sinuses
Sphenoidal Sinuses
Maxillary Sinuses
Suture Definition
Strong. fibrous elastic tissue that holds cranial bones together
Fontanel Definition
A membrane-covered opening in the skull
Found in newborns
4 Sutures in a Newborn Skull
Coronal Suture
Squamous Suture
Lambdoid Suture
Sagittal Suture
4 Fontanelles in Newborn Skull
Anterior/Posterior Fontanel
Mastoid Fontanel
Sphenoid Fontanel
Occipital Fontanel
5 Parts of Vertebral Column
7 Cervical Vertebrae
12 Thoracic Vertebrae
5 Lumbar Vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccyx
Function of Curves in Vertebral Column
Helps alignment of weight
5 Parts of the Vertebral Anatomy
Body
Arch
Spinous Process
Transverse Process
Articular Process
3 Features of Vertebral Body
Weightbearing
Articulates with bodies above/below
Separated by intervertebral discs
4 Features of Vertebral Arch
Consists of Pedicle and Lamina
Supports Transverse and Spinous Processes
Surrounds Vertebral foramen
Protects Spinal cord
Function of Spinous/Transverse Processes
Muscle Attachment
Function of Articular Processes
Articulate with vertebrae above/below
3 Features of Cervical Vertebrae
Oval Body
Transverse Foramina
Split Spinous Process
3 Features of Thoracic Vertebrae
Heart-shaped Body
Facets for articulation with ribs
Long, inferiorly directed spinous process
2 Features of Lumbar Vertebrae
Massive Body
Blade like transverse processes
Trend of Body size down the Vertebral Column
Size increases down the Vertebral Column
Trend in Vertebral Foramen Size down the Vertebral Column
Size decreases down the Vertebral Column
4 Features of Atlas/Axis Complex in Cervical Vertebrae
Atlas (C1) articulates with occipital condyles
Axis (C2) articulates with Atlas
Ligament holds C1/C2 together using Dens on C2
Ligament allows for head movement
Function of Sacrum
Forms posterior pelvic wall
Stabilizes the pelvis
Function of Coccyx
Insertion site of muscles/tendons/ligaments
Weightbearing in seated position
Functions of Thoracic Cage
Protection of Thoracic Contents
Allows expansion and contraction for ventilation
Components of Thoracic Cage
Sternum
Ribs
2 types of Ribs
7 Pairs of True Ribs
5 Pairs of False Ribs
4 Features of Ribs
Curved Flat Bone
Head articulates with Vertebral Body Posteriorly
Tubercle articulates with Transverse Process of Vertebra
Costal Cartilages articulate with Sternum
Difference between True/False Ribs
False Ribs connected through Costal Cartilages
4 Parts of Appendicular Skeleton
Pectoral Girdle
Upper Limb
Pelvic Girdle
Lower Limb
2 Components of Pectoral Girdle
Clavicle
Scapula
Main Component of Pelvic Girdle
Coxal Bone
2 Functions of Pectoral Girdle
Enables Versatile Movements
Articulation for Arm
Function of Pelvic Girdle
Provides stability
Condyle Definition
Protrusion at the end of bones used to articulate with other bones
3 Features of Humerus
Long Bone
Head Articulates with Scapula
Condyles articulate with radius/ulna
3 Features of Radius/Ulna
Ulna = Medial
Radius = Lateral
Both articulate with humerus and carpals
Number of Carpals in Upper Limb
8
Number of Metacarpals in Upper Limb
5
Number of Phalanges in Upper/Lower Limb
14
Articulation of Carpals in Upper Limb
Proximal Row articulates to radius
Distal Row articulates with metacarpals
Function of Metacarpals in Upper Limb
Supports Palm
Articulation of Phalanges in Upper Limb
Articulate with Metacarpals
3 types of Phalanges
Proximal
Middle
Distal
Missing Phalanges in Thumb
Middle
3 Features of Femur
Long Bone
Head articulates with pelvis
Condyles articulate with tibia
3 Features of Tibia and Fibula
Tibia = Medial
Fibula = Lateral
Tibia articulates with Femur
Number of Tarsals in Lower Limb
7
Number of Metatarsals in Lower Limb
5
Examples of Tarsal Bones
Talus - Joint with tibia and fibula
Calcaneus - Load Bearing Heel Bone
Sex Differences in Pelvis
Larger Pubic angle in Women
Broader Pelvic outlet in Women