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Anatomy And Physiology > Lecture 7 - Articulations > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Articulations Flashcards

1
Q

Articulation Definition

A

Where two bones connect (Joint)

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2
Q

2 Functions of Articulations

A

Allowing movement
Stability

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3
Q

Two types of Joints

A

Functional
Structural

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4
Q

3 types of Functional Joints

A

Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis

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5
Q

Synarthrosis Joint Definition (2 points)

A

Immovable Joint
Interlocked surfaces joined with fibres, cartilage or bone

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6
Q

Amphiarthrosis Joint Definition (2 points)

A

Slightly movable Joint
Surfaces connected by collagen fibres or cartilage

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7
Q

Diarthrosis Joint Definition (2 points)

A

Freely movable Joint
Synovial Joint

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8
Q

3 types of Angular movement

A

Flexion/Extension
Abduction/Adduction
Circumduction

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9
Q

Flexion/Extension Definition

A

Angular Motion in the Sagittal Plane
Flexion = Reducing Angle
Extension = Increasing Angle
Hyperextension = Extension past anatomical position

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10
Q

Examples of Flexion/Extension joint

A

Head
Hip Joints

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11
Q

Abduction/Adduction Definition

A

Angular Motion in the Frontal Plane
Abduction = Away from Longitudinal Axis
Adduction = Towards Longitudinal Axis

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12
Q

Examples of Abduction/Adduction joint

A

Hip Joint/Legs
Wrists
Arms

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13
Q

Circumduction Definition

A

Circular Motion without Rotation
Combination of Flexion/Extension and Abduction/Adduction

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14
Q

Example of Circumdiction

A

Shoulders

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15
Q

Rotation Definition

A

Motion around Longitudinal Axis

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16
Q

3 types of Rotation

A

Light/Right Rotation
Medial Rotation (Internal)
Lateral Rotation (External)

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17
Q

2 types of Forearm Rotation

A

Pronation
Supination

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18
Q

Pronation Definition

A

Radius crosses over ulna
Turns palm to face posteriorly

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19
Q

Supination Definition

A

To anatomical position
Turns palm to face anteriorly

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20
Q

4 Movements of Foot

A

Inversion = Twist sole medially
Eversion = Twist sole laterally
Dorsiflexion = Flexion at ankle/Raise Toes
Plantar Flexion = Extension of ankle/Pointing Toes

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21
Q

4 types of Structural Joints

A

Bony Fusion
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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22
Q

Main type of Bony Joint

A

Synostosis

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23
Q

3 Features of Synostosis

A

Synarthrosis
Articulating Bones Fused
Good for strength/stability

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24
Q

Example of Synostosis

A

Joint between left and right frontal bone

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25
Q

3 types of Fibrous Joints

A

Suture
Gomphosis
Syndesmosis

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26
Q

2 Features of Suture

A

Synarthrosis
Articulating bones interlocked by collagen fibres

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27
Q

2 Features of Gomphosis

A

Synarthrosis
Tooth fits in socket attached by ligament

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28
Q

2 Features of Syndesmosis

A

Amphiarthrosis
Bones connected by ligament

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29
Q

Example of Suture

A

Sutures in Cranium

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30
Q

Example of Gomphosis

A

Joints between teeth and jaw

31
Q

Example of Syndesmosis

A

Joint between tibia and fibula

32
Q

2 types of Cartilaginous Joints

A

Synchondrosis
Symphysis

33
Q

2 Features of Synchondrosis

A

Synarthrosis
Bones attached by cartilage

34
Q

3 Features of Symphysis

A

Amphiarthrosis
Bones separated by fibrocartilage disk
Larger cartilage disk = more movement

35
Q

Example of Synchondrosis

A

Costal Cartilage

36
Q

Example of Symphysis

A

Pubic Symphysis (Front Pelvis Joint)

37
Q

2 Features of Synovial Joints

A

Diarthrosis
Cartilage, synovial fluid and joint capsule

38
Q

Example of Synovial Joints

A

Ends of long bones (Knees)

39
Q

3 Features of a Synovial Joint

A

Articular Cartilage
Synovial Fluid
Joint Capsule

40
Q

3 Features of Articular Cartilage

A

Smooth Covering
Prevents Bone Touching
Reduces Friction

41
Q

2 Features of Synovial Fluid

A

High Protein Content
Secreted by fibroblasts

42
Q

3 Functions of Synovial Fluid

A

Lubrication
Nutrient Distribution
Shock Absorption

43
Q

2 Features of Joint Capsule

A

Fibrous Connective Tissue
Contains Synovial Membrane

44
Q

5 Joint Accessory Structures

A

Cartilages
Fat Pads
Ligaments
Tendons
Bursae

45
Q

Function of Cartilages

A

Cushions the Joint

46
Q

Function of Fat Pads

A

Protection

47
Q

Bursae Definition

A

Pockets of Synovial Fluid

48
Q

Bursae Function

A

Cushions where Tendons and Ligaments Rub

49
Q

6 types of Synovial Joints according to Articulating bone shape

A

Gliding
Hinge
Pivot
Condylar
Saddle
Ball and Socket

50
Q

Movement of Synovial Joints

A

Gliding = Slight
Hinge = Monoaxial
Pivot = Rotation
Condylar = Biaxial
Saddle = Biaxial
Ball and Socket = Triaxial

51
Q

Examples of Synovial Joints

A

Gliding = Claviculosternal
Hinge = Elbow
Pivot = C1/C2 vertebrae
Condylar = Radiocarpal
Saddle = First Carpo-Metacarpal
Ball and Socket = Shoulder

52
Q

Factors affecting Synovial Joint Function

A

Presence of Menisci, Joint Capsule, Ligaments
Shapes of Articulating Bones
Tendons and Muscles crossing joints
Structures that may limit movement

53
Q

3 Components of Intervertebral Discs

A

Vertebral End Plate
Anulus Fibrosus
Nucleus Pulposus

54
Q

Function of Intervertebral Discs

A

Allows movement of Vertebral Column
Small amounts of movement in multiple Intervertebral Discs = lots of movement

55
Q

Mechanism of Damage to Intervertebral Discs

A

Nucleus Pulposus bulges out and distorts disc
Area of Spinal Nerve becomes compressed

56
Q

Glenohumeral Joint Definition

A

Shoulder Joint

57
Q

Features of Glenohumeral Joint

A

Glenoid Labrum provides stability of the Glenoid Cavity
Rotator Cuff provides stability outside the cavity

58
Q

Articulations of the Glenohumeral Joints

A

Head of Humerus
Glenoid Cavity of Scapula

59
Q

Coxal Joint Definition

60
Q

Articulations of the Coxal Joint

A

Head of Femur
Deep Aceteabulum

61
Q

Feature of Coxal Joint

A

Stronger than Shoulder due to more ligaments

62
Q

Articulations of Elbow Joint

A

Trochlea/Trochlear Notch
Capitulum/Head of Radius

63
Q

Elbow type of Joint

A

Hinge Joint

64
Q

Articulations of Knee Joint

A

Two femur-tibia joints between Medial + Lateral Condyles/Menisci
Patella-patellar surface of femur

65
Q

Features of Knee Joint

A

Contains Bursae
Contains Fat Pads
3 Ligaments

66
Q

3 Ligaments in Knee Joint

A

Patellar
Anterior/Posterior cruciate
Tibial/Fibular Collateral Ligaments

67
Q

3 types of Joint Injuries

A

Sprain
Dislocation
Subluxation

68
Q

Sprain Definition

A

Tearing of Ligaments

69
Q

Dislocation Definition

A

Articulating surfaces displaced

70
Q

Subluxation Definition

A

Partial Dislocation

71
Q

3 Joint Diseases

A

Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Gouty arthritis

72
Q

Osteoarthritis Definition

A

Damage to articular cartilage and underlying bone

73
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis Definition

A

Inflammation of articular cartilage

74
Q

Gouty arthritis Definition

A

Deposition of crystals in joint as a result of gout

Anatomy And Physiology (10 decks)

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