Lecture 4 - Tissues Flashcards
4 types of Tissues
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Neural
2 types of Epithelial tissue layers
Simple
Stratified
4 types of Epithelial tissue shapes
Squamous
Cubodial
Columnar
Transitional
6 Parts of Epithelial Cells
Cilia
Microvilli
Apical Surface
Cell Junction
Basement Membrane
Basal Surface
Squamous Definition
Squashed cells
Simple Tissue Definition
1 layer thick
Stratified Tissue Definition
Multiple layers thick
2 types of Squamous Epithelia Tissue
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
2 Examples of Simple Squamous Epithelium
Blood Vessel and Alveoli Walls
Examples of Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Skin
2 Functions of Simple Squamous Epithelium
Reduces friction
Surface of absorption and secretion
Function of Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Physical Protection against Abrasion, Pathogens and Chemical attack
2 types of Cuboidal Epithelia Tissue
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
2 Examples of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Glands
Ducts
Example of Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Lining of some ducts
3 Functions of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Limited Protection
Secretion
Absorption
3 Functions of Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Protection
Secretion
Absorption
Example of Transitional Epithelium
Urinary Bladder (UB can change volume)
Function of Transitional Epithelium
Permits expansion and relaxation
3 types of Columnar Epithelia Tissue
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Example of Simple Columnar Epithelium
Lining of stomach/intestines
Example of Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
Lining of nasal cavity/trachea/bronchi
Example of Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Areas of the Pharynx
Functions of Simple Columnar Epithelium
Protection
Secretion
Absorption
Functions of Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
Protection
Secretion
Move mucus with cilia
Functions of Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Protection
Definition of Pseudostratified
Not clear layers
5 Types of Simple Exocrine Glands
Simple Tubular
Simple Coiled Tubular
Simple Branch Tubular
Simple Alveolar (Acinar)
Simple Branched Alveolar
3 Types of Compound Exocrine Glands
Compound Tubular
Compound Alveolar (Acinar)
Compound Tubuloalveolar
Difference between Simple and Compound Glands
Simple = One Gland
Compound = Multiple Gland
3 modes of Glandular Secretion
Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine
Mode of Merocrine Secretion
Vesicles are discharged
Mode of Apocrine Secretion
Substance gathers at top of cell
Portion of cytoplasm shed
Mode of Holocrine Secretion
Whole cell bursts - cells must be replaced
Definition of fibroblast
Cell producing fibres - e.g. collagen
Definition of Adipocyte
Fat cell
Components of Connective Tissue
Cells - e.g. fibroblasts, adipocytes
Fibres
Ground Substance
3 Types of Fibre in Connective Tissue
Collagen
Reticular
Elastic
Components of Ground Substance
Blood/Lymph
Cartilage
Bone
Definition of ground substance
Gel-like substance in extracellular space containing components of Extracellular Matrix
3 types of blood cells in ground substance
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
2 types of Loose Connective Tissues
Adipose Tissue
Reticular Tissue
4 Examples of Adipose Tissue
Buttocks
Breasts
Padding around eyes
Padding around kidney
5 Examples of Reticular Tissue
Liver
Kidney
Spleen
Lymph Nodes
Bone Marrow
3 Functions of Adipose Tissue
Provides padding
Insulation
Energy Storage
Function of Reticular Tissue
Provides supporting framework
3 types of Dense Connective Tissue
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Elastic Tissue
2 Examples of Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Tendons
Ligaments
4 Examples of Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Visceral Organ Capsules
Periostea/Perichondria
Nerve/Muscle Sheaths
Dermis
2 Examples of Elastic Tissue
Ligamentum Flavum/Nuchae
Blood Vessel Walls
3 Functions of Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Firm attachment
Muscle Pull
Bone Stabilization
2 Functions of Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Helps resist multidirectional force
Helps prevents overexpansion of organs
3 Functions of Elastic Tissue
Stabilization
Cushions shock
Permits expansion/contraction
3 Types of Cartilage
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
3 Examples of Hyaline Cartilage
Between rib tips and bones of sternum
Covers bone surfaces at synovial joints
Forms part of nasal septum
2 Examples of Elastic Cartilage
Auricle of external ear
Epiglottis (flap between tongue and throat)
2 Examples of Fibrocartilage
Pads between knee joints
Intervertebral discs
2 Functions of Hyaline Cartilage
Provides support
Reduces friction between bony structures
2 Functions of Elastic Cartilage
Provides support
Tolerates distortion
3 Functions of Fibrocartilage
Resists compression
Prevents bone to bone contact
Limits movement
Osteon Definition
Cylindrical system in bone tissue
Components of Osteons
Canaliculi
Osteocytes
Matrix
Central Canal
Blood Vessels
Periosteum
2 Layers of the Periosteum
Fibrous Layer
Cellular Layer
3 layers of Fasciae
Superficial Fascia
Deep Fascia
Subserous Fascia
Tissues in Superficial Fascia
Areolar Tissue
Adipose Tissue
Tissues in Deep Fascia
Dense Connective Tissue
Tissues in Subserous Fascia
Areolar Tissue
3 types of Muscle Tissues
Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Muscle Tissue under voluntary control
Skeletal Muscle
Muscle Tissue under involuntary control
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle