Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy And Physiology > Lecture 5 - Bone Physiology > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - Bone Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Skeletal System (5 points)

A

Support against gravity
Leverage for muscle action
Internal organ protection
Storage
Blood cell production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 substances stores in Skeletal System

A

Calcium (for muscle contraction)
Phosphorus
Fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

6 types of bones

A

Flat
Long
Short
Irregular
Sutural
Sesamoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 Features of Long Bones

A

Diaphysis (shaft)
Epiphysis (ends)
Articular Cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2 parts of Diaphysis

A

Compact Bone
Medullary Cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function of Medullary Cavity

A

Stores yellow bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of Epiphysis

A

Forms joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 parts of Bone Tissue

A

Ground Substance
Protein
Bone Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bone Ground Substance Features (2 points)

A

Two thirds of bone matrix
Contains minerals such as hydroxyapatite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bone Protein Features (2 points)

A

One third of bone matrix
Mostly type I collagen fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 types of Bone Cells

A

Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Osteoblast Definition

A

Immature Bone Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Osteoblast Function

A

Secretes Matrix Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Osteocytes Definition

A

Mature Bone Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Osteocytes Function

A

Maintains bone matrix
Detect forces in bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Osteoclasts Definition

A

Multinucleate bone cell between medullary cavity and bone matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Osteoclasts Function

A

Secretes acids and enzymes to dissolve bone matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

4 parts of compact bone

A

Osteon - Basic functional unit, surrounds central canal
Central Canal - Tunnel for blood vessels
Lamellae - Concentric Layers of Matrix
Lacunae - Contains osteocytes

19
Q

3 parts of Trabecular Bone

A

Trabeculae
Red Marrow
Yellow Bone Marrow

20
Q

Features of Trabeculae (3 points)

A

Contains Arches, rods and plates of bone
Branching network
Strong

21
Q

Features of Red Marrow (3 points)

A

Between trabeculae
Forms red blood cells
Provides nutrients of osteocytes

22
Q

Features of Yellow Bone Marrow (2 points)

A

Found in medullary cavity
Stores fat

23
Q

Strength distribution in bone

A

Compact bone provides strength in long axis
Trabecular Bone provides strength in range of directions

24
Q

Periosteum Definition

A

2 layer membrane outside bone

25
Q

2 layers of Periosteum

A

Outer Fibrous Layer
Inner Cellular Layer

26
Q

Endosteum Definition

A

Membrane lining bone

27
Q

3 lines of Endosteum

A

Medullary Cavity
Central Canals
Trabeculae

28
Q

Ossification Definition

A

Formation/Conversion of bone

29
Q

3 types of bone formation/growth

A

Intramembraneous Ossification
Endochondral Ossification
Appositional Bone Growth

30
Q

Intramembraneous Ossification Definition

A

Flat Bone Formation

31
Q

Endochondral Ossification Definition

A

Formation from cartilage model

32
Q

Appositional Bone Growth Definition

A

Bone Growth in width

33
Q

4 steps of Intramembraneous Ossification

A

Mesenchymal Cells differentiate into osteoblasts
Ossification forms spicules of bone
Trabecular Bone formed
Remodeled into compact bone

34
Q

Intramembraneous Ossification Example

A

Cranial Bones in Skull

35
Q

5 steps of Endochondral Ossification

A

Chondrocytes within matrix enlarge then die
Osteoblasts cover the shaft in thin layer of bone
Blood vessels/Osteoblasts penetrate to form primary ossification centre
Primary ossification centre enlarges
Secondary ossification centre formed at epiphysis

36
Q

Growth in Bone Length

A

Bone grows as cartilage from epiphyseal plate

37
Q

2 steps in Appositional Bone Growth

A

Bone deposited by osteoblasts
Bone resorbed by osteoclasts

38
Q

Requirements for normal bone growth

A

Calcium/Phosphate
Vitamin D
Growth Hormones
Forces applied to bone

39
Q

Bone Remodeling Features

A

Continuous Breakdown/reforming of bone tissue
Adaptation of loading
Calcium homeostasis

40
Q

2 Hormones used in Calcium homeostasis

A

PTH - bone resorption to release calcium
Calcitonin - bone formation to store calcium

41
Q

4 steps of Fracture repair

A

Clot formation
Formation of external callus/internal callus
External callus replaced by bone, Internal callus unites broken ends
Initial swelling eventually remodeling

42
Q

External Callus Definition

A

Cartilage

43
Q

Internal Callus Definition

A

Spongy bone

Anatomy And Physiology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions