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KCEP 210 > lecture 8: cerebral palsy > Flashcards

lecture 8: cerebral palsy Flashcards

1
Q

is intellectial Is Intellectual Disability more common among individuals
with CP?

A

yes (1/2 have mild disability)

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2
Q

cerebral means

A

brain

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3
Q

palsy mean

A

decrease muscle control

“paralysis of the brain”

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4
Q

true or false CP is non progressive

A

true

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5
Q

CP is non progressive but not BLANK u

A

unchaning (sympttoms can change)

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6
Q

CP is a disorder of what and due to what

A

movement and/or posture due to an insult or abrnormality of the developping brain

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7
Q

true or calse: CP can only affect movement and posture

A

false, it can also affect speech and sensed like hearing and vision

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8
Q

CP has to be an abnormality of the developping or developped brain

A

developping

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9
Q

is CP contagious

A

no

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10
Q

is CP hereditary

A

no

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11
Q

is CP life threathing

A

Is NOT life-threatening
(life expectancy is
similar to able-bodied
individuals)

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12
Q

tetraplegic also means

A

quadriplegic

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13
Q

what is the incidence of CP

A

2 to 2.5 cases per 1000 birth

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14
Q

has CP incidence declined over the last 60 years despite medical advances

A

because of increase survival rate of pretem babies

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15
Q

CP is more common in males or females

A

males

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16
Q

males born preturn are more vulnerable to what

A

Males born very preterm also appear to be more
vulnerable to white matter injury and intraventricular hemorrhage than
females.

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17
Q

what is the affect of sex hormones in CP

A

sex hormones such as estrogens
provide protection against hypoxic-ischemic injury, and the neonatal
brain is also influenced by these hormones. This

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18
Q

what percentage of brain lesions are before or during birth

A

90%

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19
Q

what percentage of brain lesions occur after birth

A

10%

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20
Q

what are the causes of CP before or during birth (5)

A

Maternal infections (aids, rubella, herpes)

  • Chemical toxins (alcohol, tobacco, drugs)
  • Injuries affecting fetal development

• Damage to the brain or oxygen
deprivation during deliveries

• Genetic disorder, chromosomal
abnormality, faulty blood supply

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21
Q

what is the number one cause of CP

A

Damage to the brain or oxygen deprivation during deliveries

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22
Q

what are the causes of CP after birth

A 
Brain infections (meningitis)
• Cranial traumas (accidents,
shaken baby syndrome)
• Oxygen deprivation
(near drowning)
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23
Q

what are some other causes of CP that are not classified before or durinr of after birth

A

age of the mother

premature and low birth weight babies

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24
Q

why do less than 20 year old mothers have more CP babies

A

because of chemical toxins and drugs (lifestyle factors)

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25
Q

why do more than 34 year old mothers have more CP babies

A

genetic disorders (physiological factors)

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26
Q

what age is an early sign of cerebral palsy

A

before 3 years of age

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27
Q

what are the 4 early signs of CP

A

Before 3 years of age

Motor skills not developing normally
– Coordination + balance

Abnormal muscle tone:
– hypotonia (1st), hypertonia (2nd)

l Favour one side of body

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28
Q

how do we clasffiy CP

A

by # of limb affectoed

by movment diorders

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29
Q

what are the 5 types of CP classifeid by limb affected

A 
quadriplegia
diplegia
hemiplegia
triplegia
monoplegia
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30
Q

quad=

A

4 extremities

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31
Q

in diplegia, are lower or upper extremeity more frequence

A

lower

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32
Q

what is hemiplegia

A

the entire left or right side affected

33
Q

what is triplegia

A

3 extremeities, usually both legs and 1 arm

34
Q

what is mono plegia

A

1 extremeity

35
Q

what are the 3 types of CP classified by movement disorder

A

spasticic CP
athethoid CP
axatic CP

36
Q

what is the most common tyoe of CP

A

spastic CP

37
Q

what is the genetal degination of spastic CP

A

“tug of war” or co cotnraction

38
Q

what is the general definition of athetoid CP

A

mixed muscle tone, constant motion

39
Q

what is the general defintion of axatic CP

A

look unstready and shaky

40
Q

Spastic CP affects what part of the brain

A

motor cortex and premotor cortex

41
Q

athetosis CP affects what part of the brain

A

basal ganglia

42
Q

axatoic CP is affected by what part of the brain

A

cerebellum

43
Q

spasticity has abnormal what

A

muscle tigtness and stiffness

44
Q

what percentage of people with CP have spasticity

A

65%

45
Q

what is spacfific caused by

A

damage to the motor cortex and cortical tracts

(if thre is basal ganglia and cerebrellum involved it can exacerbate spasticity

46
Q

spasttic muscles interfere with what

A

voluntary movements

47
Q

what are the interventtions for spasiticity CP

A

surgical lengthening of tendon (toe walking and knee flexion)
-dorsal rhizotomy

48
Q

ADD CARD ON SPASTIC CP

A

.

49
Q

what is the most severe form of motor disorders related to CP

A

Athetosis

50
Q

what is athetosis

A 
Constant, unpredictable, and purposeless movement caused by fluctuating
muscle tone (hypertonia-hypotonia)
51
Q

athetosis is due to damage in what part of the brain

A

basal ganglia

52
Q

how is the percentage of people with CP who have athetosis

A

25%

53
Q

those with athetosis have problems with doing what

A

Problems with: facial expression, eating, speaking, head control, fingers +
wrist control

54
Q

true or false: people with athetosis are usually paraplegic

A

false, quadraplegic

55
Q

what is ataxia

A

Disturbance of balance and coordination characterized by hypotonia
+ ↓ postural tone

56
Q

ataxia results from disorders in what part of the brain

A

cerebellum and vestibular system

57
Q

what percentage of people with CP have ataxia

A

10%

58
Q

what is the text for ataxia

A

hold a finger or a toy in front of a child and ask them to touch it on the first try and the child with ataxia cannot do it

59
Q

scissor gait is associated with what form of CP

A

spastic

60
Q

hemiplegic gait is associated with what type of CP

A

spastic

61
Q

cerebellar gait is assocaited with what type of CP

A

ataxix

62
Q

explain sciessors gate

A

legs are flexed and inwardly roated (with toe walking)

63
Q

explain hemiplegic gait

A

hip circumduction and toe walking

64
Q

exokain ataxix or cerebellar gate

A

eyes down and wide base of support with arms away from body (absence or opposition of arms and legs)

65
Q

which gate is similar to immature walk of childhood

A

cerebellar gait

66
Q

for the same workdload as able bodied people, those with CP have higher or lower HR, BP and lactate concentration

A

higher

67
Q

for the same workdload as able bodied people, those with CP have an increased or decreased mechanical efficiency

A

decreased and therefore need an icnreased energy

68
Q

why do those with CP have higher bp, higher hr and lower mechanical effienciency than able bodied peopel

A

spasticity and athetosis

poor exercise habits

69
Q

why do those with CP use a support harness during exercise

A

1) balance

2) BW support

70
Q

what is the effect of exerise on those with CP

A 
improvement of 
-sense of wellness
– body image
– capacity to perform ADLs
– ↓ spasticity + athetosis (mild to moderate changes)
– Resistance training = controversial
71
Q

why is resistance traiing controversial for those who have CP

A

some people say that RT may make spacsisty worse but that is not true

72
Q

According to the latest studies, resistance training
increases spasticity (and in turn ↓ range of motion)
by ____% in participants with CP.

A

0%

73
Q

what was the study for children with CP

A

Effect of 12 weeks of progressive resistance training on walking ability:

74
Q

what was the summury of the study for kids with cp on walking ability

A

3 times a week for 60 minutes; 26 subjects per group aged 6 to 13 y/old

  • Training group: leg press machine and 3 exercises (sit-to-stand, lateral step-up, half knee-rise);
  • Control group: conventional PT program
75
Q

in the study there was improvement in muscle tstrength vs the control group in what muscles

A

knee extensors
hip abductors
and total strength

76
Q

after the study, was it concluded that RT increase walking ability

A

there was no improvement in walking ability in both groups

77
Q

there was no improvement in walking ability as demonstrated by what outcomes

A

comfortable walking speed
cadans
step length
fast walking speed

78
Q

after the 12 week training program was there any change in muscle spasiticity

A

No change in muscle spasticity (muscle tone) and range of motion in both groups

79
Q

what are some possible explanations for why there was no improvements in walking after the study

A

lack of specificity (lack of specific exercises)

KCEP 210 (14 decks)

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