lecture 7: SCI injury wheel sports Flashcards
SCi are only quadriplegia>
false, also para
how are SCI acquired
through some kind of trauma
what are the 5 causes of SCI
motor vehicles falls violence sportt injuries other
what is the percentage of SCI from motor vehicles
48%
what is the percentage of SCI from falls
21
what is the percentage of SCI from sport injuries
14
what is the percentage of SCI from violence
14
when it comes to falls causing SCI who is more at trisk
cotnruction workers and seniors
sport injuries causing SCI are only from competitive sports
false, also recoretional
which sport is number 1 for for SCI
diving (pool and lake)
what is the link between SCI and olfactory bulb
ttthe neurons in the olf bulb can be regenerated ad used to jelp people with spinal cord injuries to repair and regroq
where do they inject cells from olf bulb in SCI and why
in the lesion and to reconnnect connections with neurons in the spine
how mant new cases per year of SCI
1100 new cases per year and
how many canandians are living with the impacts of SCI
44,000 Canadians
now living with the impacts of a SCI
what are the annual health care costs
3.6 bil
what are the lfietime care costs per person for SCI
1.6-3 mil
why is the range per personn in costs for SCI so large
the cost deoends on the severity and the age
how is more likely to suffer from SCI females or males and what percentage)
males (80%)
about 80% of SCI are males and in the age range of BLANK
16-30
about 80% of SCI are males and in the age range of 16-30… why
because of work, theyre more impulsive,, risk takers
true or false: lesions can only be complete
false can also be imcomplete
what is the percentage of complete vs incomplete SCI
50-50
in the past was there more complete or incomplete lisions
complete
why is there a decrease in complete lesions now vs in the past
meds, car sagetly belt and airbags, paramedics (for spinal immobilization)
what are meds used for in SCI
controlloing inflamation
are sensations above the lesion still intact
yes
sensory info comes from what pathways
asceding tracts. dorsal tracts
cutaneous info and proprioceptive are part of what system
somatosensory cortex
motor commands come down through what pathways
decsending (vental tracta0
Can an individual with a spinal
cord lesion at the lumbar level
contract his arm muscles?
yes
why Can an individual with a spinal
cord lesion at the lumbar level
contract his arm muscles?
because arms are cervical and trunk is thoractic but only legs are lumbar
what does the severity of the condition depend on sci
the level of the lesion
whether it is complete or incomplette
true or false, the injury can only affect one vertebra
false, more than one
quadriplegia is the involvmend of what parts of the body
all 4 limbs and trunk
what is the cause of quadriplegia
damage to the cervical sengments
what is the most common place of lesion in quadriplegia
c5-c6
why is c5 c6 the most common place of lesion in quadriplegia
because that is the most common in car accidents
c7 limits what motion
elbow extension
why is elbow extension important for wheelchair users
triceps innervation
paraplegia is the involvment of what body parts
lower limbs and/or trunk
true or false: the trunk is always involved in paraplegia and why
false, it depends where the damages are made
what is the cause of paraplegia
damage to the thoractice of limbar spine
true or false, an injury at the limbar does not affect the trunk
true
if you get a complete lision from t1-t6, what does taht affect
no sitting balance
if you get a complete lision from t7-l1, what does taht affect for sitting
you can do some useful sitting
if you have a complete lesion from l2 or lower do you have abnormal or mormal trunk ccontrol
normal trunk cometrol
what are the 6 health concerns in SCI
1) sensation loss
2) contractures and injury preventatino (spasticity)
3) lower limb atrophy
4) osteoporosis
5) weight management
6) ANS dysfunction during exercise
if you have a complete lesion you you have total or partial loss
total loss below lesion
if you have an incomplete lesion you have total or partial loss
partial loss below lesion
if you have an incomplete lesion you loss all types of sensations?
false, you may not lose some but not others
with a incomplete lesion are you more or less vulnerable to an injury
more
what does contractures and spasiticity mean
shortening and tightning of mhscles
where are the most common places for spasticity and coontractiures in SCI
flexors in upper limbs
extension on lower limbs
what can help prevent contractures and spasiticty for SCI
stretching 2x day (full ROM)
what is a common upper body position for SCI i
triple flexion
what is a common lower body position for SCI
platar flex and ankle inversion
what extrinsic method can you use to help with contracyture and spasticity
dorsal hand splint
why is lower limb atrophy, osteroporosis and weight management very common in wheelchair users (3)
b
because of a decrease in
1) muscle contraction (paralyssis)
2) mechanical loading on bones
3) energy expenditure
those with SCI are more prone to what disease
hypokinetic diseases
those with SCI have an increase of decrease heart beat during exercise
decrease
people with SSCI have an icnrease or decrease bp during exrcise and why is that bad
decrease (active muscles may not recevive enough blood)
true or false: there is no sweating impairement for people with SCI
false thre is
SCI people have an impairment of what function and what does that lead to
impairement of the vasocontrictor function
=decrease blood to heart
=decrease oxygen to muscles
=early fatigue
why do SCI have an impairement of the vasocontrictor function
Narrowing of the blood
vessels resulting from
contraction of the muscular
wall of the vessels
what is the ANS
part of the nervous system that regulates involvuntaty function
what is the sympathetic NS responsible for during exrecise
increase HR
constricts blood vessels
increase blood bretah
cardiac symapthetic fibers originate forom where
T1-T2
ANS dysfunction can be present in what people
quadriplegia and high paraplegics
what does high paraplegic mean
lesion at t5 and above
any injury from c1-t5 means they have what dynfunction
ANS dysfunction
regions from t1-t4 (partly t5) srte responsbible for what
accelerating HR and constricting blood vessels
where does the ANS signal originate from
brain stem
why are High intensity exercises may not be tolerated in persons with
quadriplegia and high paraplegia
because of hypotension (impaired
blood distribution)
what is the cause that high intensity might no t be tolerated for quad and high para
sympathetic nervous system (ANS Dysfunction)
what are the symtpoms of people with quads and high para in high intensity exercise
dizziness or nausea (feeling faint)
true or flae: there is decrase cardiovascula capacity and endurance after SCI
true
what percentage of people with para have decrease cardiovscular capacity and ednurance after SCI
50
what percentage of people with quad have decrease cardiovscular capacity and ednurance after SCI
75%
quadriplegics have a greater loss in active muscle mass during exercise which means they have a greater loss or what
cardiovascular capacity
there a decrease active muscle mass during exrcise in what muscles most common (sci)
lower lumb (2/3 of muscle mass (soleus, gastroc etc)
when ANS dysfunction is present there is an increase or decrease drive from SNS and what does that mean
decrease
heart rate cannot be reasised over 110-120 bpm per min
for those with ANS dynfunction, the heart rate cannot be reaisef over what
110-120 bpm
what are some examples of cardiovascular training for SCI
arm ergonetmeor
locomotor training
wheelchair propulsion
true or false: you cannot adjust the workload on arm ergo
false you can
what is used with ergonometer for quadriplegics
grip cuggs
locomotor training can be donne with what for SCI
with crutches or body weugh t support (overhead harness(
what can locomotor training icnrease for SCI
increase muscle strength and bone minteral density
what can locomotor trtaining prevent for SCi
prevent pressure sores (by icnreeasing blood circulation)
wheelchair propulsion is done using what for SCi
rollers
rollers are to wheelchair users what BLANK asre to ambulatory runners
treadmills
why do they use fans for SCI exercise
because SCI people using have swealing impairment
to prevent upper extremeity overuse syndromes (in wheelchair users) (3)
- vary exercises from week to week
- strengthen myscles of the upper back and posterior shoulders (ext shoulder rotators)
- strenntch muscles of anterior shoulders and chest
to prevent contractures and injuries in wheel chair users what can be done
strecthing exrceises for lower and upper extremeities
explain the chest stretch or seating flexibility exercisied
Clasp hands behind your back. Take a deep
breath in. Exhale and roll your shoulders
back as you stick out your chest and hold
(20-30 sec). Unclasp hands and relax.
explain the shoulder tetraction strecth for seated flexibility
Take a deep breath in. Exhale and
bring shoulders back as far as you can,
squeezing your shoulder blades inward
explain the triceps stretch for seating flexibilitry exercises
Take a deep breath in, and extend both arms above the head. Reach down the center of the back with one arm, and exhale, pressing down slightly with the opposite hand on the elbow. Repeat on the opposite side.
what muscle is really important for wheelchair users
triceps
explain the seated chest stretch in the doorway for seated flexibility
Place an arm bent at 90 degrees in doorway. Take a deep breath in, exhale while turning the head to the opposite side, looking over that shoulder. Repeat with other arm, looking over the opposite shoulder.
why do many spinal cord injured persons prefer wheelchair over braces and crutches
easier in wheelchair and less fatigue
true or false: there is the same sports chair for many sports
false, they are designed for specific sports (tennis, basketball, etc)
what are the 4 common charcaterieis among sports chairs
1) no push handles
2) do not fold
3) wheel camber
4) anti tipping supper (all but racing chair)
all sport chairs have anti tipping supprt true or false
ffalse, all but racing chair
are sports chairs foldable
no
what is unique to a rudby wheelchair compared to basektball wheelchair
fgront bumber and wings
what are some of the same charcateritsc between baskebtball and rudby wheelchairs
Fixed camber bars • Rollerblade casters • Anti-tipping support • Spoked wheels + quick release • Adjustable back and footplate height
what is the pruce range of racing wheelchair
2;-5;
what is the camber for racing wheelchairs
usually 11-15 degress (higher tange is more stable)
what is the cage for racing wheelchair
built according to body dimentsions (tight to body)
what is the frama usually made of for racing chairs
made of alumnimum
what does the steering in a racing wheelchair allow for
allows the athlete to maneouver the front wheel during sharp turns
what do fenders in racing wheelchairs provide
provide porection for toso and arms
what is the function of the hand ring on racing wheelchair
used for propulsion
what is the most perfered tire for racing wheelchair
tubular tires
what are the 2 types of wheelchair propulsion
1) Short propulsion thrusts in activities of daily living,
basketball, tennis, and most sports except racing
2) Long-duration circular-propulsion thrust in track and
marathon racing
short porpulsion are used for what
daily acivties, basketball tinneics etc
when is long duraction circular proplsuion used
in track and marathon racing
explain short propulsion method
1) The athlete pushes forward and downward from A-B while moving trunk forward
2) Handrims are released at point B and trunk retusn to upright position
explain long duration curcular propulsion
1) Athlete maintains hands in contact with the handrims through 3/4 of a circle applying force the entire time (grip on handrim never released(
2) Flexed position of the trunk
3) Shoulder extension provides the final propulsive thrust
how many players are therre in a basketball wheelchair team
5 plyers/team
what are the 3 rules in basksbella wheelchair that are the same as reg basketball
5 players/team
net 10 feet
3 sec in the key
you must dribble shoot or pass after how many pushese
2
s there a double drubble rule in wheelchair basketball
no
what is an example of a technical foul in wheelchair basketball
raise buttocks off chair
true or false: wheelchair basekball is open to able bodied people
true but not for major competitions
what is the classification for bball wheelchair
international wheelchair basektball federation
what do you need to be ellible to play wheelchair basketball
an athelet must have a permanent disability in the lower limbs that prevents him or her from running, jumping, and pivoting as an able bofdied player
what is player classificatiton based on for bball wheelchair
on observed trunk movements and stability during actual basketball competition
true or false: player cassicifacl in bball in based on mediable diagnosis
false, on observed trunk movements and stability during actual basketball competition
players are assigned a point value from what in bball wheelchair
1 through 4.5
what is the point value based on for wheelchair basketball
according to the level of physical function
a team in wheelchair bball is not permitted to exceed how many points for the 5 players on the court at any given time
14 points
what does the point system for wheelchair baseketball ensure
ensures that any player regardless of the degree of disability has an intergral role to plau within the team structure
for adapted tennis, the players play in singles of pairs
both
true or false: the ball in tennis may bounce once or twice
true
the first bounce for tennis needs to be where
in the ipponnents courth
is the score the same for adapted and regular tennis
same
when was adapted tennis created and where
1976 in the USA
how many players are there wordlwide for adapted tennis
6000 players worldwide
what is th eobjective of adapted rudgby
to score poitns by carryinng the ball to the opponents goal linne (in wheelchair)
true or false” adapted rugby is nonn cotnact
false, there is contract
why is adapted rugby played with a volleyball
because its lighter
adapted rugby must be played with hands or foremars?
true
you must dribble or pass in nadapted rugby every how long
one every 10s
when is a goal scored in adapted rugby
when a player touches the goal line with 2 wheels
what are some violations for adapted rugby
charging, interference etc
wheelchair baskey is mainly played by players with SCI. which condition comes second
amputation
