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KCEP 210 > lecture 11: TBI > Flashcards

lecture 11: TBI Flashcards

1
Q

can a head concussion be considered a TBI

A

yes a mild one

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2
Q

what is TBI defined as

A

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is defined as a
physical injury to brain tissue that temporarily or
permanently impairs brain function

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3
Q

TBI is caused by internal or external forces

A

external forces

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4
Q

what are 2 examples of external forces thatn can cause TBI

A

direct or indirect blow

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5
Q

explain what a direct blow is for TBI

A

A direct blow to the head by blunt or

penetrating object

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6
Q

explain what an indirect blow is for a TBI

A

Indirect forces such as inertia during a motor
vehicle accident, where rapid movement of
the head causes back and forth movement of
the brain inside the skull (the injury comes
from the brain rattling in the skull)

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7
Q

explain how inertia in a car accident can be an indirect force leading to TBI

A

where rapid movement of
the head causes back and forth movement of
the brain inside the skull (the injury comes
from the brain rattling in the skull)

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8
Q

how can TBI be classified

A

TBI can be classified based on the
severity (mild, moderate, severe) and
the mechanism of injury (closed or
penetrating head injury)

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9
Q

severity of TBI is classified by what levels

A

mild moderate severe

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10
Q

is a direct blow considered a penetrating head injury or closed

A

penetrating

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11
Q

is an indirect blow considered a penetrating or closed head injurt

A

closed

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12
Q

the mechanism of injury for TBI can be classfied as what 2 things

A

closed or penetratinng

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13
Q

depending on the severity of the injury, TBI can affect numberous aspects such as what 5 things

A

physical capability, cognitive ability, emotional state, social interactions, and
behavior

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14
Q

after TBI there is an icnrease risk of what 3 things

A

risk of epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease,

and Parkinson’s disease

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15
Q

Can the side of brain lesions predict the type of impairments and disabilities
following TBI?

A

yes

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16
Q

what is the leading cause of death and disability amount people under 35

A

traumatic brain injury

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17
Q

traumatic brain injury is the main cause of death and disability for people what age

A

under 35

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18
Q

what is the incidence for TBI inn females

A

21.2%

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19
Q

what is the incidence for TBI for men

A

78.8%

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20
Q

is the incidence for TBI graeter in men or women and why

A

men because of alcohol, impulsivity, sense of invincibility, car accidents etc

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21
Q

how many new causes of TBI per year in canada

A

65 000

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22
Q

of all the cases of TBI, what percentage of them will die

A

20%

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23
Q

of all the causes of TBI, 10-20% of people will surive with BLANK

A

severe impairments and no independant living

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24
Q

of all the causes of TBI what percentgae of people will survive with severe impairements and no independant living

A

10-20$

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25
true or false: all the people who suffer from TBI either die or survive with severe impairements
false, about 50% learn to live with various disorrders
26
what is the number 1 age group that has the highest incidence of medially attended TBI
15-24
27
what is the number one cause of TBI
motor vehicle
28
what is the order of causes from number 1 cause to number 3 (motor vehicles, assual and sports
motor, sports, assault
29
what are the 3 main causes of TBI in the graph
motor vehicles sports assault
30
what does the incidence of TBI start to increase after the age of 64
because of an icnrease number of falls
31
a penetrating injury is where brain tissue is damaged by...
by an object such as a knife, a bullet, or bone fragments that has pierced the skull and dura mater
32
in order to be considered a penetrating head injury, the object or brain fragemnts must do what
must pierce the skull and dura mater
33
an injury in which the skull and dura mater are not breached is called a
close head injury
34
an injury that causes the skull and dura mater to be pierces is called a BLANK
peneration head injiury
35
TBI can be described as penetrating or closed head injury but also as what other two things
focal or diffuse
36
what is a focal TBI injiry
injury confined to a specific area of the brain causing localized damage
37
what is a diffuse TBI injury
injury is characterized by | damage throughout the brain
38
true or false: for penetrating objects, the clinacal outcome is usually good
true w
39
if there is a penetrated object in the brain, do they always remove it>
no may or may not remove it
40
what is a hematoma
Collection of blood outside of blood vessels. Bleeding can occur outside the brain (subdural) or within the brain tissue itself (intracerebral)
41
Bleeding that occurs outside the brain (is called what
subdural
42
or | bleeding that occurs within the brain tissue itself is called what
intracerebral
43
what is hemmorage
bleeding directly into the brain tisse
44
diffuse axonal injury results from what
Results from a tearing of nerve bundles and/or | stretching of blood vessels (from contre coup)
45
what are contusions of the brain
Bruises that cause swelling and bleeding resulting in | tissue damage
46
what are the 4 causes of TBI (bleeding etc)
hematoma hemmoraging diffuse axonal injury contusions
47
what happens to the nerve fibers in a TBI and what does that result in
Nerve fibers within specific areas of the brain are severed | Ø Nerve fibers are stretched which results in inefficient and slowed functioning
48
true or false: coup contre coup can only happen is your head makes contact with the stationary object
false, can only occur if the moving object contacts with the head
49
what is the coup part of the contre coup injury
brain injury at the point of impact (primary impact)
50
what is the contrecoup part of the injury
brain injury is opposite to the point of impact (secondary impact)
51
frontal lobe is used for what
planning, thinking, problem solving, emotions and personality
52
motor cortex is used for
movement
53
sensory cortex is used for
sensation
54
parietal lobe is used for
percetption, making sense of the world, spelling and math
55
occipital lobe is used for
vision
56
temportal lobe is used for
memory, understanding and language
57
true or false: hemineglect syndrome can only affect the right parietal lobe and not the left
true
58
a hemineglect patient may ignore what things from the left
people who come from the left, leave froom untouched on the left side of the plate, forget to put clothes on the left side of the body
59
if the symptoms of hemineglect extend to visual tasks and the patient is asked to draw a picture what happen
everything on nthe left side of the drawing is ignored
60
what are the 3 degreews of severity in a TBI
1) confusion 2) coma 3) cerebral death
61
confusion is a clouding of waht
conciousness
62
what tis a coma
you cannot be aroused by strong stimuli
63
what is cerebral death
the body is alive but not the breain
64
what happens to the thinking process in confusionn degree
decreased
65
true or false: speech is not affected for a confusion degree
false, it is affected
66
inattention nand disoreitnationn is part of what degree of severity
confusion
67
can a coma affect IQ
YES If long period of coma
68
what happens to the brain in a coma
decreased metabolic activity of the brain
69
why is a coma not like sleeping
because there is decreased metabolic actiyy of the brain
70
true or false: a coma can lead to amnesia
true
71
what happens to the brain in cerebral death
no longer able to regular body function
72
what is is needed to assist living in cerebral death
through the help of machines or technoclogy
73
what are the medical symtpms of TBI
headaches, risk of seizures, changes in appetite, fatigue – both mental and physical
74
what are the physical symtoms of TBI
balance issues, lack of coordination, muscle weakness or paralysis, muscle rigidity/spasticity
75
true or false: a KCEP specialist can help with the physical symtoms of TBI
true
76
what arte the senses symtoms of TBI
over-sensitivity, vision problems, sensitivity to noise, changes to sense of smell and taste, single-sided neglect
77
what are the symtpoms of TBI in terms of thoughts and communication
Can affect organization of thoughts or ability to find words and communicate clearly
78
what are the behavior and personality symptoms of TBI
Irritability or mood swings, depression, anxiety, agitation, impaired judgment, lack of insight or awareness of problems, trouble sleeping
79
what is the difference between effects of TBI and stroke on body function
brain damage after TBI is more widepread than a stroke
80
can tyou exrecise after TBI
yes
81
can recovery process occur more than 2 years ppost TBI
yes
82
is there a relation between the length of a coma and level of severity
yes
83
what is the relationship between length of coma nd level of severity
longer coma= greater the motor severity

KCEP 210 (14 decks)

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