lecture 11: TBI Flashcards
can a head concussion be considered a TBI
yes a mild one
what is TBI defined as
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is defined as a
physical injury to brain tissue that temporarily or
permanently impairs brain function
TBI is caused by internal or external forces
external forces
what are 2 examples of external forces thatn can cause TBI
direct or indirect blow
explain what a direct blow is for TBI
A direct blow to the head by blunt or
penetrating object
explain what an indirect blow is for a TBI
Indirect forces such as inertia during a motor
vehicle accident, where rapid movement of
the head causes back and forth movement of
the brain inside the skull (the injury comes
from the brain rattling in the skull)
explain how inertia in a car accident can be an indirect force leading to TBI
where rapid movement of
the head causes back and forth movement of
the brain inside the skull (the injury comes
from the brain rattling in the skull)
how can TBI be classified
TBI can be classified based on the
severity (mild, moderate, severe) and
the mechanism of injury (closed or
penetrating head injury)
severity of TBI is classified by what levels
mild moderate severe
is a direct blow considered a penetrating head injury or closed
penetrating
is an indirect blow considered a penetrating or closed head injurt
closed
the mechanism of injury for TBI can be classfied as what 2 things
closed or penetratinng
depending on the severity of the injury, TBI can affect numberous aspects such as what 5 things
physical capability, cognitive ability, emotional state, social interactions, and
behavior
after TBI there is an icnrease risk of what 3 things
risk of epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease,
and Parkinson’s disease
Can the side of brain lesions predict the type of impairments and disabilities
following TBI?
yes
what is the leading cause of death and disability amount people under 35
traumatic brain injury
traumatic brain injury is the main cause of death and disability for people what age
under 35
what is the incidence for TBI inn females
21.2%
what is the incidence for TBI for men
78.8%
is the incidence for TBI graeter in men or women and why
men because of alcohol, impulsivity, sense of invincibility, car accidents etc
how many new causes of TBI per year in canada
65 000
of all the cases of TBI, what percentage of them will die
20%
of all the causes of TBI, 10-20% of people will surive with BLANK
severe impairments and no independant living
of all the causes of TBI what percentgae of people will survive with severe impairements and no independant living
10-20$
true or false: all the people who suffer from TBI either die or survive with severe impairements
false, about 50% learn to live with various disorrders
what is the number 1 age group that has the highest incidence of medially attended TBI
15-24
what is the number one cause of TBI
motor vehicle
what is the order of causes from number 1 cause to number 3 (motor vehicles, assual and sports
motor, sports, assault
what are the 3 main causes of TBI in the graph
motor vehicles
sports
assault
what does the incidence of TBI start to increase after the age of 64
because of an icnrease number of falls
a penetrating injury is where brain tissue is damaged by…
by an object such as a knife, a bullet,
or bone fragments that has pierced
the skull and dura mater
in order to be considered a penetrating head injury, the object or brain fragemnts must do what
must pierce the skull and dura mater
an injury in which the skull and dura mater are not breached is called a
close head injury
an injury that causes the skull and dura mater to be pierces is called a BLANK
peneration head injiury
TBI can be described as penetrating or closed head injury but also as what other two things
focal or diffuse
what is a focal TBI injiry
injury confined to a specific area of the brain causing localized
damage
what is a diffuse TBI injury
injury is characterized by
damage throughout the brain
true or false: for penetrating objects, the clinacal outcome is usually good
true w
if there is a penetrated object in the brain, do they always remove it>
no may or may not remove it
what is a hematoma
Collection of blood outside of blood vessels.
Bleeding can occur outside the brain (subdural) or
within the brain tissue itself (intracerebral)
Bleeding that occurs outside the brain (is called what
subdural
or
bleeding that occurs within the brain tissue itself is called what
intracerebral
what is hemmorage
bleeding directly into the brain tisse
diffuse axonal injury results from what
Results from a tearing of nerve bundles and/or
stretching of blood vessels (from contre coup)
what are contusions of the brain
Bruises that cause swelling and bleeding resulting in
tissue damage
what are the 4 causes of TBI (bleeding etc)
hematoma
hemmoraging
diffuse axonal injury
contusions
what happens to the nerve fibers in a TBI and what does that result in
Nerve fibers within specific areas of the brain are severed
Ø Nerve fibers are stretched which results in inefficient and slowed functioning
true or false: coup contre coup can only happen is your head makes contact with the stationary object
false, can only occur if the moving object contacts with the head
what is the coup part of the contre coup injury
brain injury at the point of impact (primary impact)
what is the contrecoup part of the injury
brain injury is opposite to the point of impact (secondary impact)
frontal lobe is used for what
planning, thinking, problem solving, emotions and personality
motor cortex is used for
movement
sensory cortex is used for
sensation
parietal lobe is used for
percetption, making sense of the world, spelling and math
occipital lobe is used for
vision
temportal lobe is used for
memory, understanding and language
true or false: hemineglect syndrome can only affect the right parietal lobe and not the left
true
a hemineglect patient may ignore what things from the left
people who come from the left, leave froom untouched on the left side of the plate, forget to put clothes on the left side of the body
if the symptoms of hemineglect extend to visual tasks and the patient is asked to draw a picture what happen
everything on nthe left side of the drawing is ignored
what are the 3 degreews of severity in a TBI
1) confusion
2) coma
3) cerebral death
confusion is a clouding of waht
conciousness
what tis a coma
you cannot be aroused by strong stimuli
what is cerebral death
the body is alive but not the breain
what happens to the thinking process in confusionn degree
decreased
true or false: speech is not affected for a confusion degree
false, it is affected
inattention nand disoreitnationn is part of what degree of severity
confusion
can a coma affect IQ
YES If long period of coma
what happens to the brain in a coma
decreased metabolic activity of the brain
why is a coma not like sleeping
because there is decreased metabolic actiyy of the brain
true or false: a coma can lead to amnesia
true
what happens to the brain in cerebral death
no longer able to regular body function
what is is needed to assist living in cerebral death
through the help of machines or technoclogy
what are the medical symtpms of TBI
headaches, risk of seizures,
changes in appetite, fatigue – both
mental and physical
what are the physical symtoms of TBI
balance issues, lack of
coordination, muscle weakness or
paralysis, muscle rigidity/spasticity
true or false: a KCEP specialist can help with the physical symtoms of TBI
true
what arte the senses symtoms of TBI
over-sensitivity, vision
problems, sensitivity to noise,
changes to sense of smell and taste,
single-sided neglect
what are the symtpoms of TBI in terms of thoughts and communication
Can affect organization of
thoughts or ability to
find words and
communicate clearly
what are the behavior and personality symptoms of TBI
Irritability or mood swings, depression, anxiety, agitation, impaired judgment, lack of insight or awareness of problems, trouble sleeping
what is the difference between effects of TBI and stroke on body function
brain damage after TBI is more widepread than a stroke
can tyou exrecise after TBI
yes
can recovery process occur more than 2 years ppost TBI
yes
is there a relation between the length of a coma and level of severity
yes
what is the relationship between length of coma nd level of severity
longer coma= greater the motor severity
